总体概况:
1.except:侧重于表示从整体中除去,除去的那部分不带上一起玩。
2.besides:侧重于表示除了整体之外的东西还有,就是除了的那部分还有其他的也一起玩。
3. except for侧重于除了一点点瑕疵,整个都完美适用于句子主干;
4.apart from: apart from具有多重意义:既可表示 besides,也可以表示 except或except for,还可以表示without的意思。
各个击破:
1.except:not included;but
是排除在外的“除了”, “只有...没....,其他人都...” 侧重于表示从整体中除去,其他的都可以。(用于所言不包括的人或事物前)除…之外
We work every day except Sunday.
我们除星期天外每天都工作。
(含义是除了星期天,其他的都工作)
I like all sports except football.
除足球外,我喜欢所有的运动。(含义:除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。)
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions except letters and photographs.
囚犯除信件和照片外不允许有任何私人物品。
They all came except Matt.
除马特外他们都来了。
The overnight train runs every night of the week except Saturdays.
这趟夜班火车除了周六外每个晚上都运行。
Everyone was late, except for Richard.
除了理查德,其他所有人都迟到了。
Everyone seems busy except us
除了我们,大家好像都很忙碌。
The office is open every day except Sundays.
除星期日外,这家公司每天都营业。
Ida would not speak to him except to answer questions...
除了回答问题,艾达都不和他说话。
We don't do much in the evenings except watch television.
我们在晚上除了看电视不怎么干别的事。
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
除了这一块,你可以吃任何一块蛋糕。
Nothing more to do now except wait.
现在只能等待。(当谓语动词是实意动词do的任何形式是,其后不定式to可以省略)
She doesn’t do anything _____ sit and watch TV.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A
解析:只有except能够连接动词,do anything except do。除了坐着看电视外,她什么也不做。
Alice, would you like to go hiking with us?
What a pity!I am free every day except today.
艾丽斯,你愿意和我们一起去远足吗?
真遗憾除了今天,我每天都有空。
go hiking 去远足 ; 去徒步旅行 ; 去徒步远足
She saw nothing except snow.
除了雪她什么都没有看见。
All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.
除李平外,一班所有的学生都去看电影了。
He had other people to take care of except me.
除了我,他还有其他人要照顾。
She looked everywhere _____ here.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A
解析:除了这里,她到处看。只有except后面能够加除了名词以外的其他词性,如介词短语,副词等。
You may drop in at any time _____ at noon.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A;除了中午,你任何时候来都可以。
They forgot many things at that moment except our friendship.
那一刻他们忘记了很多事情,除了我们的友谊。
He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
他是个好学生,除了有时上学迟到。
The current level of service will be maintained except that the evening 'Network Express' trains will be withdrawn.
除了“铁网特快”夜班列车将会停开外,目前的运营线路会保持下去。
This restaurant has nothing to recommend except that it's cheap.
这家饭馆除了价钱便宜之外,一无可取。
I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.
我什么都没告诉他,只是说我需要钱。
I know nothing about him except that he knocked about South Africa for a while.
我除了知道他在南非流浪过一段时间外对他一无所知。
解析:后面是一个句子,只有except可以加句子,这个是except的特殊性。
It was a good hotel _____ that it was rather noisy.
A. except B. besides C. except for
答案:A
解析:这家旅馆还不错,只可惜吵。后面是一个句子,只有except可以加句子,这个是except的特殊性。
2.besides:in addition to
“除了”, “既...又...”,“不但...而且...”,“除了……还有……”含义是除了A是需要的外,其他也是需要的:
What other sports do you like besides football?
除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动?
含义: 我知道你喜欢足球,除了足球,你还喜欢什么球?
I've got no family besides my parents.
除了父母,我没有其他亲人。
We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐,我们还有很多共通点。
I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
我觉得她不但长得非常漂亮,而且还有很多优秀品质。
Besides English, he has to study German and French.
除英语外,他还要学德语和法语。
There are other visitors besides me.
参观人除我之外,还有另外的人。
Besides running after success, we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.
除了追求成功,我们还有很多其他有趣的事情要做。
3.except for
也表示“除…以外”,普遍的解释是这样的:“指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正”。含义:除了那一点瑕疵,整个就是那么回事的意思。除了那 “美中不足”、“唯一遗憾”、“如果不考虑”的部分,那整句表述的就是那么完美的含义。
I had nothing on except for my socks.
我除了短袜什么都没穿。
The walls were bare except for a clock.
墙上除了一只挂钟什么也没有。
I sold everything I owned except for my car and my books
我把我所有的东西都卖掉了,只剩下汽车和书。
Everyone was late, except for Richard.
除了理查德,其他所有人都迟到了。
Except for the remarkably tidy kitchen, the place was a mess
除了厨房特别干净外,这地方一片狼藉。
The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-story window.
整座大楼一片漆黑,只有3层的一个窗户透出一丝光亮。
另外except for前后承接的两个名词,从逻辑关系上来说,不属于同一类事物。
比如:
All the buildings are excellent except this one.
这句话的意思是只有这栋大楼不好,其他所有大楼都相当好!其中所有大楼和这栋大楼是同一类事物。