独立主格结构可以由:名词或代词主格+doing/done/to do/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词构成,在句中常用来做状语,可用于句首,句中或句末,名词或代词为逻辑主语。
1.独立主格结构的构成
①名词或代词+doing
表示主动或正在进行的动作。
Captain Nemo walked in front, one of his men following some steps behind. 尼摩船长走在前面,他的一个手下紧跟其后。(新外研版必修三)
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the village. 有那个男孩带路,我们毫不费力地找到了那个村庄。
Winter coming on, it becomes colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气变得越来越冷。
②名词或代词+done
表示被动动作或已经完成的动作。
The problem solved, he went home happily. 问题解决了,他高高兴兴地回家了。
His eyes fixed on the book, he listened attentively to the teacher. 他目不转睛地盯着书,聚精会神地听老师讲课。
③名词或代词+to do
表示将要发生的动作。
Many things to do, I couldn't go out to play. 有很多事情要做,我不能出去玩。
The movie to start at once, we have to hurry. 电影要马上开始,我们得快点。
④名词或代词+形容词
表示逻辑主语所处的状态。
He looked at the tiger, his mouth wide open. 他看着老虎,嘴巴张得大大的。
She sat beside the window, her eyes wetwith tears. 她坐在窗边,眼含泪水。
⑤名词或代词+副词
表示逻辑主语所处的状态。
The lights on, he went out. 灯开着,他就出去了。
The meeting over, all the students went back to the classroom. 会议结束了,所有的学生都回到了教室。
⑥名词或代词+介词短语
表示逻辑主语所处的状态。
Our English teacher entered the classroom, a smile on her face. 我们的英语老师走进教室,脸上挂着笑容。
特别提示:在名词或代词+介词短语结构中,如果名词为单数,可以省略冠词和介词短语中的限定词。
Our English teacher entered the classroom, smile on face. 我们的英语老师走进教室,脸上挂着笑容。
He stood there, book in hand. 他站在那里,手里拿着书。
⑦名词或代词+名词
Mr Wang the host, we will enjoy a good time in the party. 王先生做东道主,我们会在晚会上玩得很开心。
Miss Li our English teacher, we are sure to learn well. 李老师是我们的英语老师,我们一定会学好的。
2.独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构在句中充当状语,可用于句首,句中或句末。做状语时常用逗号与句子分开,在句中表示时间,原因,条件,方式或伴随情况。
Everything he needed bought, he drove home. 他买了所有需要的东西之后,开车回家了。(时间状语)
The last bus left, I had to walk home. 最后一班公共汽车开走了,我不得不走路回家。(原因状语)
Weather permitting, we will go camping. 天气允许的话,我们就去露营。(条件状语)
He stared at me, his hands in his pockets. 他盯着我,双手插在口袋里。(方式状语)