初中英语语法:特殊句式(虚拟语气,省略句,倒装句)

2025-01-19 16:11 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:239人

英语中常用不同的动词形式来表达自己的不同看法和态度。这种动词的形式就叫做动词的语气。英语动词有陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气3种。虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等,它所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

初中阶段,我们主要学习非真实条件句虚拟语气。

情况

从句谓语

主句谓语

与现在事实相反

动词过去式(连系动词be多用were)

would/should/could/might+动词原形

与过去事实相反

had+过去分词

would/should/could/might+have+过去分词

与将来事实相反

动词过去式(连系动词be多用were),should+动词原形,were to+动词原形

would/should/could/might+动词原形

·If I were you,I’d take and umbrella(与现在事实相反,事实:我不可能是你)

·If I knew his telephone number, I should tell you(与现在事实相反,事实:我不知道)

·If you had worked hard,you wouldn't have failed the exam(与过去事实相反,事实:你没用功)

·If it were to rain tomorrow,our picnic would be put off(与将来事实相反,事实:根据推测明天下雨的可能性很小)


强调句:通过语音,语调,词汇,语法,修辞,标点符号,字体变化等手段来突出重要的内容,使自己的思想更好第被听者或读者理解。

用词汇进行强调:

1,用“助动词do/does/did+动词原形”来强调(仅限于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句种,通常译为“确实,的确”;用于肯定祈使句前,译为“务必”)

·Jack does know the street well杰克确实很熟悉这条街道

·Do write to me when you get there你到那儿后务必给我来信

2,用very,only,single,such等修饰名词或形容词

·That’s the very pen Peter used just now这正是彼得刚才用过的笔

·You are the only student in your class who can speak Chinese

3,用ever,never,very,just,badly,highly,really等副词来强调

·You've got to be very,very careful

·This is just what he wanted这正是他想要的

·Tom was badly wounded

4,通过特殊疑问句词后和动词前使用in the world,on earth来加强语气

·Where in the world could Mike go?麦克到底回去哪里呢?

·What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?

5,通过重复同一个词来强调

·Why,why,my wallet is empty!哎呀,哎呀,我的钱包是空的!

·They walked and walked,at last they got to the famous place他们走啊走,终于来到了这个著名的地方

用句式进行强调:

1,用感叹句表强调:

·How blue the sky is!

·What beautiful flowers these are

2,用倒装句表强调:

·In wine is the truth

3,用“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who...”表强调(可强调主语,宾语,状语等,不能强调谓语)

·It is the naughty boy who/that broke the window(强调主语the naughty boy)

·It was three books that he read in the library yesterday(强调宾语three books)

·It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood(强调状语only when you have your own children)

倒装句(英语基本语序是“主语+谓语”,但有时为了表达的需要,需要改变这种基本的语序,而把谓语的全部/一部分放在主语前,就叫倒装)

1,大部分疑问句属于倒装语序(be动词,助动词,情态动词置于主语前)

·Where will the piano be put?

·Why did you go this way?

·Are you reading a magazine?

2,here/there开头的句子(如后面主语为名词时主谓需倒装;如是人称代词不能倒装)

·There is a boy standing in front of the school gate(人称代词)

·Here comes the train(名词)

·There goes the bell(名词)

3,“so+动词+主语”式倒装(动词包括be动词/助动词/情态动词)

·Mary likes Chinese. So does Tom = Mary likes Chinese. Tom likes Chinese too(前面陈述的肯定情况也适用于另一者时)

·They went to the zoo yesterday.So did we(前面陈述的肯定情况也适用于另一者时)

·He works very hard. So he did(对前面陈述的事实加以肯定,不倒装)

4,“neither/nor+动词+主语”式倒装

·You didn't go to the park yesterday. Neither/Nor did I.(前面面陈述的否定情况也适用于另一者时)

·I wasn't at school yesterday.Neither/Nor were you = I wasn’t at school yesterday.You wasn’t at school either.(前面面陈述的否定情况也适用于另一者时)

5, May表祝愿的句子

·May you all be happy!

·May you succeed!

省略句(处于修辞需要,有些成分在句中省略,但仍能表达完整的意义),初中常用有:

简单句的省略:

1,省略主语和连系动词

·How are you?-(I’m)Fine.Thank you

2,祈使句中省略主语you

·(You)Don’t play football in the street

·(You)Don't worry

3,省略主语和谓语/谓语的一部分

·What a(beautiful)girl(she is)!多漂亮的一个女孩啊!

·How(hard)they are working他们工作多努力啊!

·(It)sounds fine to me太好了!

·(Is there)Anything wrong with your car?

4,省略名词所有格所修饰的名词(表住宅,店铺,教堂或上下文明确或暗示过的事物,所有格后的名词常省略)

·Is this pen yours?-No,it's not mine. It’s Lily’s(pen)

5,省略与上文相同的不定式句中的动词部分(只留下不定式符号to)

·Would you like to go swimming with us tomorrow?-Yes,I’d like/love to(go swimming with you tomorrow)

并列句的省略

·She was rich but(she was)unhappy

·Peter ate an egg and(Peter) drank up a cup of milk

复合句的省略

1,省略主句主语

·(I’m)Sorry to hear that your mum is ill

2,在对话中,答语省去整个主句

·Shall I go to play tennis right now?-If you like(you can go to play tennis right now)

3,宾语从句可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词

·Please pass me a dictionary. I don't care which(you pass me)

4,用so或not代替省略部分(i'm afraid/I think/I believe/I hope/I guess等来回答时,其后的宾语从句常省略,如果从句是肯定句,则用so代替,如从句是否定句,则用not代替)

·Can you come to the party tomorrow evening?-I think so(so=I think that I can come to the party tomorrow evening)

·Do you think it will snow-I hope not(not=I hope that it will not snow)

5,一些固定用法中的省略

·What about having a game of chess?

·How come they left you alone?他们怎么把你一个人留下呢?

·What if it's raining?

·Why not try again?

注意:被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果补上反而不符合习惯,而有一些习惯用法中则很难不上被省略的部分。

·He is taller than I am(tall)

·No smoking(is allowed here)

·Not at all别客气 ·No matter不要紧 ·Thanks谢谢

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