副词在句子中的位置
我们可以把副词和副词短语放在句子的前面、中间或末尾。
子句的前面位置是子句中的第一项:
Suddenly I felt afraid.
Yesterday detectives arrested a man and a woman in connection with the murder.
子句的结束位置是子句中的最后一项:
Why do you always have to eat so fast?
中间位置在主语和动词之间:
Apples always taste best when you pick them straight off the tree.
当有多个动词时，中间位置是指在第一个助动词之后或情态动词之后:
The government has occasionally been forced to change its mind.
You can definitely never predict what will happen.
We mightn’t ever have met. (情态动词之后，助动词之前)
在疑问句中，中间位置是在主语和动词之间:
Do you ever think about living there?
副词通常出现在主动词be之后，除非在强调从句中:
She’s always late for everything.
be被强调时，副词放在动词前面:
Why should I have gone to see Madonna? I never was a fan of hers. (强调)
副词的种类及其位置
不同类型的副词位置不同。.
类型 | 位置 | 例句 |
行为 | 它们通常在末端位置。 如果副词不是从句中最重要的部分，或者宾语很长，它们有时会放在中间位置。 | She ate quickly. She quickly ate her dinner and ran out. |
地点 | 它们通常在末端位置。 它们有时会出现在前面，尤其是在写作中。 | Can you come over here? We’ll be at that table there. Here she sat. Outside, there was a small pond. |
时间 | 它们通常在末端位置。 它们有时会放在前面，特别是当我们想要强调副词时。 | I’m flying to Edinburgh tomorrow. Today, I’m going to clean the house. |
时间长短 | 通常在句末 | I’m not staying long. |
频率 | 他们通常在中间位置。 他们有时走在前面的位置。 它们也可以在末端位置。 Always, ever 和 never 一般不在句子前面. | We often have friends to stay. I usually get up late on weekends. I could never swim fast. Sometimes she wore a woollen hat. We don’t see them very often. Not: Never I could swim fast. |
程度 | Really, very, quite 通常放在中间。 A lot 和 a bit 通常在后面。 | I really like those pink flowers. We go to Ireland a lot. I’d just like to change things a bit. |
强调 | 通常在中间位置。 | He simply walked out without saying a word. |
确定或义务 | 有些在中间: probably, possibly, certainly. 其它在前面: maybe, perhaps 在最后，前面有个逗号。 | It’ll probably rain. Maybe Nick will know the answer. Can I get you a drink, or something to eat, perhaps? |
观点 | 它们通常出现在从句之外，通常在开头。 它们有时会处于中间位置，尤其是在正式写作中。 | Personally, I’d rather not go out. This must, frankly, be the craziest idea anyone has ever had. |
评估 | They usually go outside the clause, often at the beginning. 它们有时会处于中间位置。 在非正式用语中，它们可以放在结尾位置。 | Unfortunately, I forgot my swimming costume so I had to sit on the side and watch. We have stupidly forgotten the tickets. They missed the bus, apparently. |
方式，地点和时间
方式副词、地点副词和时间副词通常出现在结尾位置:
He played brilliantly.
如果动词后面有宾语，副词就跟在宾语后面:
We made a decision quickly then left.
当这三种类型的副词中不止一种出现在一起时，它们通常按照方式、地点、时间的顺序出现:
You start off slowly in the beginning.
Not: You start off in the beginning slowly.
James played brilliantly in the match on Saturday.