1. a great many和a good many同义，意为“许多”，是many的强调形式，只能作定语，后跟复数可数名词。
We have a great many things to do at present.
我们当前有许许多多事要做。
I knew I was running a great many risks.
我知道我正担着很多的风险。
They asked a great many questions about England.
他们问了一大堆有关英格兰的问题。
For a great many men and women, romance can be a most important part of marriage.
对于无数男女而言，浪漫是婚姻中极其重要的一部分。
He's been to a great many places.
他到过的地方多了去了。
We've both had a good many beers.
我俩都喝了很多啤酒。
The little girl knows a good many folk songs by heart.
那个小姑娘记得好多民歌。
He has worked here for a good many years. 他在这里工作已经很多年了。
2. a number of意为“许多，一些”，后跟复数可数名词。表示强调时，可以说a great/large/good number of或quite a number of。number还可用small，big修饰。a number of多用于肯定句，在疑问句或否定句中要用many。
A large number of people have applied for the job.
许多人申请了这工作。
A great number of Egyptians are proficient in foreign languages.
很多埃及人都精通外语。
This research has been in progress since 1961 and has yielded a great number of positive results
这项研究自1961年起一直在开展，已取得了不少积极成果。
Her clothes, of course, marked her off from a great number of the delegates at the conference.
她的穿戴显然使她有别于与会的许多其他代表。
A great number of water fowls dwell on the island.
许多水鸟在岛上栖息。
Our revolutionary cause needs a good number of non-party people with high ideals.
我们的革命事业还需要一批党外的志士仁人。
A small number of firms have ceased trading.
一小部分公司已经停止贸易。
Only a small number of Kadare's books have been translated into English.
卡达雷的书仅有一小部分译成了英文。
A small number of students at this college are studying electronics.
这所学院里有少数学生在学电子学。
Quite a number of people have applied for this job.
有相当多的人申请这一工作。
Quite a number of students are on the sports ground. 操场上有许多学生。（不可说a quite number of）
A great/large/good number of people have come to the party. 许多人都来参加这个晚会。
3.下面几个短语后可以跟不可数名词或复数可数名词：
There is plenty of work to be done in the garden.
花园里有很多活要干。
There is plenty of sugar in the coffee.
咖啡里放了不少糖。
You are welcome to come and stay as long as you give us plenty of notice.
只要你及时通知，我们都欢迎你来住宿。
Eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.
多吃新鲜水果和蔬菜。
Eat plenty of uncooked fruit and vegetables.
要多吃新鲜水果和生蔬菜。
The doctor told him to drink plenty of fluids.
医生要他多喝流质。
There are plenty of graduates anxious for work.
有大量毕业生渴求工作。
There are plenty of restaurants to choose from.
有许多餐馆可供选择。
In spite of many defeats, they still had plenty of fight left in them.
他们尽管多次失败，但仍然斗志昂扬。
There are plenty of girls dancing in the hall.
许多姑娘在大厅里跳舞。
plenty of money/books 许多钱/书
a large quantity of water/trees 大量的水/树
It's just very time consuming to get such a large quantity of data.
获取如此大量的数据非常费时。
A large quantity of water is stored in the reservoir.
水库存了大量的水。
The police found a quantity of drugs at his home.
警察在他家发现了大量毒品。
A large quantity of drugs was seized during the raid.
在这次突击行动中起获了大量毒品。
I just can't even conceive of that quantity of money.
那么多钱，我根本都无法想象。
This may seem a large quantity of mushrooms, but they do boil down considerably.
这些蘑菇看上去很多，但一煮就没多少了。
She was burdened with a large quantity of parcels.
她吃力地捧着一大堆包裹。
4.a great/good deal of一般修饰不可数名词，但偶尔也修饰可数名词。
A great deal of money was spent.
花了大笔的钱。
A great deal of water is needed.
需要大量的水。
There is a great deal of oxygen in the air. 空气中有大量氧气。
They have spent a great deal of money on the project. 他们在这项工程上花费了大量资金。
5.a great amount of，a large amount of和a small amount of后跟不可数名词，不可跟可数名词。
Somewhere along the line a large amount of money went missing.
有一笔巨款在某一环节上不翼而飞。
I've got a terrific amount of work to do.
我有大量的工作要做。
He spent a great amount of time reading these books. 他读这些书花了很多时间。
A tremendous amount of work has gone into the project.
大量的工作已投入到这项工程。
The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.
那项工程耗费了相当多的时间和资金。
There is still an immense amount of work to be done.
还有非常非常多的工作没有做。
The car has a generous amount of space.
这辆汽车的空间很大。
Only a small amount of the rainwater actually infiltrates into the soil.
实际上只有少量雨水渗进了土壤。
The singer earns a colossal amount of money.
那歌手现在可赚大钱了。
He earns an obscene amount of money.
他捞了一大笔钱。
He sent her a small amount of money. 他给她寄了一小笔钱。
A small amount of this paint goes a long way.
这种涂料用一点就可涂一大片。
The tank had leaked a small amount of water.
水箱渗漏出少量的水。
6.a lot of通常用于口语，后接可数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数或复数视后接的名词而定。
A lot of students are leaving soon.
很多学生即将离去。
She seems to run into a lot of trouble at her job.
她在工作上似乎遇到了许多麻烦。