主句与定语从句时态的一致问题分析

2024-11-24 05:21 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:541人

1.如果主句的时态是现在时,从句可用所需要的任何时态

People who take physical exercise live longer.

进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(定语从句用一般现在时)

This is the person I met yesterday.

这就是昨天我遇见的那个人。(定语从句用一般过去时)

This is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.

这就是明天要给我们作报告的那个人。(定语从句用一般将来时)

This is the best way that has been used against pollution.

这是用来治理污染的最好办法。(定语从句用现在完成时)

This is the very book that I am looking for.

这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。(定语从句用现在进行时)

2.如果主句的时态是过去时,从句只能需要用过去的某种时态

Tom came back,which made us happy.

汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。(定语从句用一般过去时)

Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。(定语从句用过去完成时)

This was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.

这就是第二天要给我们作报告的那个人。(定语从句用过去将来时)

【高考演练】

1.【安徽】The twins,who________their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.

A.will finishB.finish

C.have finishedD.had finished

【答案】D 考查动词的时态。句意:已完成作业的双胞胎,被允许到操场上打羽毛球。根据语境可知,完成作业是在were allowed之前发生的动作,属于“过去的过去”,应使用过去完成时。故选D。

2.【北京】— Hi,let’s go skating.

— Sorry,I’m busy right now.I________in an application form for a new job.

A.fill B.have filled C.am filling D.will fill

【答案】C 考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知,回答人“正忙着”,所以是“正在填写申请表格”,用现在进行时。故选C。

3.【北京】— What time is it?

— I have no idea.But just a minute,I________it for you.

A.check B.checked C.will check D.would check

【答案】C 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知说话人不知道现在几点,但是“将去核实一下”,应选一般将来时。故选C。

4.【北京】I found the lecture hard to follow because it________when I arrived.

A.started B.was starting C.would start D.had started

【答案】D 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,“我”不能赶上演讲的原因是,“我”到达的时候演讲已经开始了。“到达”为一般过去时,表述过去的动作。“已经开始”表达过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。故选D。

5.【全国大纲卷】The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody________them since.

A.sees B.saw C.has seen D.had seen

【答案】C 考查动词的时态。句意:那些报告2012年就丢失了,从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since,此处意为“从那以后”,这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。

6.【福建】— Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?

— I went to Ningxia and________there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.

A.stayed B.stay C.had stayed D.am staying

【答案】A 考查动词的时态。句意:“很久没有见到你了!你去哪里了?”“我去了宁夏,在那里支教了一年。”根据句意可知,stay的动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选A。

7.【湖南】Since the time humankind started gardening,we________to make our environment more beautiful.

A.tryB.have been trying

C.are tryingD.will try

【答案】B 考查动词的时态。句意:自人类开始园艺以来,我们就一直努力把我们的环境变得更加美好。根据since的提示可知用现在完成时,再根据语境可知,动作try 从过去一直持续到现在,而且还要继续进行下去,因此用现在完成进行时。故选B。

8.【湖南】Whenever you________a present,you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.

A.bought B.have bought C.will buy D.buy

【答案】D 考查动词的时态。句意:每当你买礼物时,你都应该从礼物接收者的角度加以考虑。根据主句中的情态动词可知“买”这一动作发生在将来,但是在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,不能用一般将来时,而要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。故选D。

9.【江苏】— How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

— Well,the media________it in a variety of forms.

A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered

【答案】C 考查动词的时态与语态。句意:“你对于即将在南京召开的青奥会知道多少?”“哦,媒体已经以多种多样的形式对其进行了报道。”根据语境可知,此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时。故选C。

10.【江西】— Tony,why are your eyes red?

— I________up peppers for the last five minutes.

A.cut B.was cutting C.had cut D.have been cutting

【答案】D 考查动词的时态。句意:“托尼,为什么你的眼睛发红?”“我在过去的五分钟内一直在剁辣椒。”根据for the last five minutes 可知,此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选C项,误以为动作是在“过去的过去”发生的。此句是指过去所做的事对现在的影响。故选D。

11.【山东】Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we________.

A.will expect B.are expecting C.expect D.had expected

【答案】D 考查动词的时态。句意:手写所有的请帖要比我们之前预想的更加耗时。根据句意可知,expect 动作发生在was之前,表示过去的过去,用过去完成时。故选D。

12.【山东】They made up their mind that they________a new house once Larry changed jobs.

A.bought B.would buy C.have bought D.had bought

【答案】B 考查动词的时态。句意:他们下定决心一旦拉里换了工作他们就会买一栋新房子。that引导的从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致,主句用的是一般过去时,再由语境判断从句用过去将来时。故选B。

13.【陕西】During his stay in Xi’an,Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends________.

A.would recommendB.had recommended

C.have recommendedD.were recommending

【答案】B 考查动词的时态。所填词动作发生在tried ...foods 这一动作之前,即表示“过去的过去”,用过去完成时,故选B。

14.【四川】She________someone,so I nodded to her and went away.

A.phoned B.had phoned C.was phoning D.has phoned

【答案】C 考查动词的时态。句意:她正在和某人打电话,所以我向她点了下头便走了。根据后一分句“我”只向她点了下头可知她正在打电话,故使用过去进行时。故选C。

15.【浙江】Sofia looked around at all the faces:she had the impression that she________most of the guests before.

A.has seen B.had seen C.saw D.would see

【答案】B 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:索菲亚看了看周围所有的面孔,她印象中大部分客人她以前都是见过的。根据句意知,此处see的动作发生在过去的过去,同时由题眼before 可知,该空应该用过去完成时态。故选B。

16.【重庆】You’d better write down her phone number before you________it.

A.forget B.are forgetting C.forgot D.will forget

【答案】A 考查动词的时态。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。故选A。

17.【重庆】James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he________until yesterday.

A.will come B.was coming C.had come D.came

【答案】B 考查动词的时态。该句中的didn’t know与until连用决定了该空的时态是过去进行时,即“昨天才知道James 要来”。故选B。

18.【重庆】— Kevin,you look worried.Anything wrong?

— Well,I________a test and I’m waiting for the result.

A.will take B.took C.had taken D.take

【答案】B 考查动词的时态。句意:“Kevin,你看起来很着急。有什么事吗?”“嗯,我刚参加了一场考试,正在等结果。”由句意“我正在等结果”可知,参加考试是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。will take是一般将来时;took是一般过去时;had taken是过去完成时,表示的是发生在过去某个动作之前的动作;take是一般现在时。故选B。

19.【安徽】In order to find the missing child,villagers________all they can over the past five hours.

A.did B.do C.had done D.have been doing

【答案】D 考查动词的时态。句意:为了找到那名失踪儿童,在过去的五个小时里村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。根据时间状语over the past five hours 可知,应该使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。did 是一般过去时,do 是一般现在时,had done 是过去完成时,都不符合题意。故选D。

20.【全国Ⅰ】“Life is like walking in the snow”,Granny used to say,“because every step________”

A.has shown B.is showing C.shows D.showed

【答案】C 考查动词的时态。句意:祖母过去经常说:“人生就像在雪地里行走,因为每一步都能显现出来”。根据Life is like walking in the snow 可知,后半句应用一般现在时。故选C

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