1.不及物动词没有被动语态
【辨析】那场大火之后，什么也没留下来了。
【正】After the fire，nothing remained.
【误】After the fire，nothing was remained.
2.不及物动词短语不用被动语态
break out 爆发 belong to 属于 break in 闯入 catch on 理解
come about 发生 get round 传开 get up 起床 go out 熄灭
hold on 继续 look on 旁观 settle down 定居 show up 出现
suffer from 遭受 stand out 突出 take place 发生 turn up 出现
【辨析】自1990年以来这里发生了巨大的变化。
【正】Great changes have taken place here since 1990.
【误】Great changes have been taken place here since 1990.
3.某些及物动词不用被动语态
cost enter suit have wish lack jump mind
【辨析】这架钢琴花了她6000美元。
【正】The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
【误】She was cost 6000 dollars.
【高考演练】
1.【全国大纲卷】Unless some extra money________，the theatre will close.
A.was found B.finds C.is found D.found
【答案】C 考查时态和语态。句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则剧院将会倒闭。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money 之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
2.【天津】We won’t start the work until all the preparations________.
A.are being made B.will be made
C.have been made D.had been made
【答案】C 考查时态和语态。句意：直到所有的准备工作都做好了，我们才开始工作。根据主句中的关键词won’t start （不会开始）是一般将来时，可知until引导的从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如无一般现在时，可用现在完成时代替一般将来时，强调从句动作的完成性。故选C。
3.【重庆】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area________.We must act immediately before there’s none left.
A.have run out B.are running out
C.have been run out D.are being run out
【答案】B 考查时态和语态。句意：供应洪灾地区的食物快用完了。我们必须在用完之前立刻采取行动。run out是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除C、D；由第二句中的before there’s none left 可知，run out是将要发生的动作，应用将来时。have run out是现在完成时，表示动作的完成；are running out是进行时，可以表将来，故选B。
4.【安徽】After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it________.
A.was decorated B.had decorated
C.had been decorating D.was being decorated
【答案】D 考查时态和语态。句意：放学后我们去阅览室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在装修。由句子的谓语动词went 可知，动作发生在过去，而装修正在进行，故需要使用过去进行时；it指代the reading-room，与动词decorate是动宾关系，故需要使用被动语态，所以应该使用过去进行时的被动语态，故选D。
5.【湖南】Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now________later in life.
A.will be repaid B.was being repaid
C.has been repaid D.was repaid
【答案】A 考查时态和语态。句意：不要担心。你现在做的艰苦的工作会在以后的生活中得到回报。由句意可知应用一般将来时，且艰苦的工作应该是被回报，故用动词的一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
6.【四川】All visitors to this village________with kindness.
A.treat B.are treated C.are treating D.had been treated
【答案】B 考查时态和语态。句意：所有到这个村庄的游客都受到了善意的款待。游客与treat 之间是一种被动关系，要用被动语态，故选B。
7.【安徽】— What do you think of store shopping in the future？
— Personally，I think it will exist along with home shopping but________.
A.will never replace B.would never replace
C.will never be replaced D.would never be replaced
【答案】C 考查时态和语态。句意：“你认为未来的商场购物会如何？”“依我看，商场购物会和家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被代替。”根据句子结构，but后应为一般将来时；句中主语it指store shopping，but后应用被动语态，故选C。
8.【北京】Experiments of this kind________in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War.
A.have conducted B.have been conducted
C.had conducted D.had been conducted
【答案】D 考查时态和语态。句意：二战前在美国和欧洲都进行过该类实验。conduct 在the Second World War之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，又因experiments 与conduct 之间为动宾关系，故用被动结构，故句子谓语用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
9.【北京】Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ________into at least ten different films over the past years.
A.had been madeB.was made
C.has been madeD.would be made
【答案】C 考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几年中，莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》已经被制作成至少十部不同的电影。本题的解题关键是后面的时间状语over the past years，这种时间状态，通常都是跟现在完成时态连用的。故选C。
10.【北京】— So what is the procedure？
— All the applicants________before a final decision is made by the authority.
A.interview B.are interviewing
C.are interviewed D.are being interviewed
【答案】C 考查时态语态。从语态看，申请者是被面试，排除选项A，B；从时态看，既然是程序，那就应该用一般现在时来表达，排除选项D。故选C。
11.【福建】The famous musician，as well as his students，________to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A.were invited B.was invited
C.have been invited D.has been invited
【答案】B 考查时态及主谓一致。主语是单数，尽管后面跟有介词或介词词组作附属修饰语，谓语动词仍用单数形式，排除A和C；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，和现在没有关系，没必要用现在完成时，排除D。故选B。
12.【湖南】If nothing________，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A.does B.had been done
C.will do D.is done
【答案】D 考查动词时态语态。解题思路：根据“主将从现”原则，if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，排除B、C；nothing 做主语，和do构成动宾关系，排除A。故选D。
13.【辽宁】We are confident that the environment________by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A.had been improved B.will be improved
C.is improved D.was improved
【答案】B 考查动词时态。A是过去完成时，B是一般将来时，C是一般现在时，D是一般过去时。根据已知时态we are confident，可以先排除A，D。再根据our further efforts，可确知讲将来的事情。所以用将来时。故选B。
14.【上海】The school board is made up of parents who________to make decisions about school affairs.
A.had been elected B.had elected
C.have been elected D.have elected
【答案】C 考查时态语态。句意：这个学校的董事会是由那些被推选出来负责决定学校事务的家长组成的。父母是被选上，用被动语态，排除选项B，D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时，可知选举一事对现在有影响，所以用现在完成时。故选C。
15.【重庆】A Midsummer Night’s Dream ________at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland.
A.opens B.is opened C.will open D.will be opened
【答案】A 考查时态语态。表示按照计划或时间表要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，排除选项C，D；open 做公开演出讲时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除选项B。故选A。
16.【上海】In recent years many football clubs________as business to make a profit.
A.have run B.have been run
C.had been run D.will run
【答案】B 考查时态语态。句意：最近一些年很多的足球俱乐部都是通过商业运营的方式来获利。信息词in recent years 常用于现在完成时，作为club和run的关系应该是被动的。故选B。
17.【全国Ⅰ】The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front________to arrive.
A.is expected B.is expecting C.expects D.will be expected
【答案】A 考查时态语态。句意：当冷锋到来时，潮湿的天气会持续到明天。when引导时间状语用一般现在时表将来，并且a cold front与expect 之间是动宾关系，故选A。
18.【北京】No decision________about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made
【答案】A 考查时态语态。句意：直到对所有候选人进行面试之后才能就将来的任命做出决定。until引导的时间状语用了现在完成时，表示的概念是将来的时间，因此主句要用将来时。故选A。
19.【湖南】— Do you have any problems if you________this job？
— Well，I’m thinking about the salary ...
A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered
【答案】C 考查时态语态。if引导的是条件状语从句，用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，因此排除B、D项，又因为you与offer 之间是动宾关系，所以需用被动语态，即用are offered。故选C。
20.【陕西】Though we don’t know what was discussed，yet we can find the topic________.
A.had changed B.will change C.was changed D.has been changed
【答案】D 考查时态语态。句意：尽管我们不知道讨论了什么，但我们感觉到话题已经被改变了。故用现在完成时强调过去发生的动作what was discussed 对现在造成的影响或结果—the topic has been changed。故选D。
21.【安徽】I like these English songs and they________many times on the radio.
A.taught B.have taught C.are taught D.have been taught
【答案】D 考查时态语态。句意：我喜欢这些英语歌曲而它们已在电台里被教过很多遍了。本题选择现在完成时的被动语态表示对现在造成的影响。故选D。