实义动词按词汇功能分类如下：
1.不及物动词
ache 疼痛 apologize 道歉 appear 出现 arrive 到达 come 来
cough 咳嗽 cry 哭 dance 跳舞 die 死 disappear 消失
exist 存在 fall 掉 flow 流淌 go 去 happen 发生
lie 躺 listen 听 rise 升起 run 跑 stay 呆、留
sit 坐 stand 站 succeed 成功 swim 游泳
2.及物动词
accept 接受 borrow 借 bury 埋 cover 覆盖
defeat 挫败 discover 发现 enjoy 喜欢 excite 使激动
forget 忘记 guess 猜测 interest 使感兴趣 love 热爱
please 使高兴 put 放 raise 提高 surprise 使凉讶
3.双宾语动词
（1）及物动词+sth.to sb.
allow 允许 award 授予 bring 带给 hand 交给 lend 借给
mail 邮寄 offer 提供 owe 欠 pass 传递 pay 付给
post 邮递 read 读给 return 归还 send 寄给 sell 卖给
serve 招待 show 展示 take 拿给 teach 教导 tell 告诉
throw 扔 write 写
He gave me a picture-book as a present.他给我一本图画书做礼物。
He gave a picture-book to me as a present.
I returned him the storybook.我把故事书还给他了。
I returned the storybook to him.
（2）及物动词+sth.for sb.
book 预定 buy 买 choose 选择 cook 做饭 draw 画 fetch 去取
find 找到 fix 安装 get 得到 make 制作 order 订购 pick 选择
prepare 准备 save 节省 sing 唱歌 steal 偷
He bought me a picture-book as a present.他给我买了一本图画书做礼物。
He bought a picture-book for me as a present.
I’ve ordered you an air ticket.我已为你预订了一张机票。
I’ve ordered an air ticket for you.
【提示】
只能用“动词+直宾+to+间宾”结构动词：explain，announce，report，suggest。
The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老师给我讲解了语法难点。
He announced to her his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算离开。
I reported the theft to the police.我向警方报告了这起盗窃案。
He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那个计划。
4.复合结构动词
（1）及物动词+宾语+形容词
believe 相信 consider 认为 cut 切 dye 染 declare 宣布
drive 驱使 find 发现 force 强迫 imagine 想象 judge 判断
keep 使保持 leave 留下 make 使 push 推 paint 漆 set 使
You drive me mad when you say that.你讲这话真叫我恼火。
They judged her stupid.他们认为她很蠢。
Please set the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。
Mr Tomthon declared his story false.汤姆逊先生说他讲的事是假的。
（2）及物动词+宾语+名词
call 叫 choose 选择 consider 认为 elect 选举 find 找到
keep 使 make 使变为 name 命名 wish 祝愿
We consider him a strange person.我们认为他是一个奇特的人。
We find him an honest man.我们发现他是个诚实的人。
We elected him chairman of the club.我们选他任俱乐部主席。
【提示】 chairman是表示唯一的职务的名词，作宾补时前面不加冠词。
（3）及物动词+宾语+to do
advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 要求 beg 请求 encourage 鼓励
expect 期望 get 使 invite 邀请 order 命令 teach 教
tell 告诉 warn 警告 want 想要 wish 希望
Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.
妈妈经常告诫我交朋友要慎重。
I persuaded him to accept the plan.我说服他接受这个计划。
（4）及物动词+宾语+do
look at 看 notice 注意 observe 观察 see 看见 watch 注意看 listen to 听
hear 听见 feel 感觉 have 使 let 让 make 使
The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起来。
I have never observed him act like that.我从来没见过他如此表现。
We felt the house shake just now.我们刚才感觉房子晃了一下。
Did you notice anyone take the book away？ 你看到谁把那本书拿走了吗？
（5）及物动词+宾语+to be
believe 相信 consider 认为 declare 宣布 find 发现 imagine 相信 judge 判断
prove 证明 report 报道 think 认为 deny 否认 discover 发觉 feel 感觉
guess 猜测 know 知道 suppose 架设 understand 理解
They all believe the story to be true.他们都相信这篇报道是真实的。
He declared the story to be false.他断言这篇报道是假的。
Imagine yourself to be in his place.设想你自己处于他的地位，那又会怎么样呢？
We judged the distance to be about four miles.我们估计距离大约是 4 英里。
（6）及物动词+宾语+doing
bring 引起 catch 碰上 discover 发现 feel 感觉 find 发觉
get 使（动起来） have 让（一直） hear 听见 keep 使（一直） leave 听任
notice 注意到 observe 观察 see 看见 send 使（突然） set 使（引起）
start 使（引起） watch 观察
Her cries brought the neighbours running.她的哭喊声引得邻居们都跑来了。
The teacher caught the boy cheating.那孩子在作弊的时候被老师发现了。
I discovered him living next to me.我发现他就住在我的隔壁。
He felt himself getting younger and younger.他感到自己越活越年轻了。
His words got us thinking.他的话使我们思索起来。
His behaviour set people talking.他的行动引起了人们的议论。
The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们非常高兴。
He left me waiting outside in the rain.他让我站在雨里等候。
His criticism started me thinking seriously.他的批评引起我认真思考。
（7）及物动词+宾语+done
find 发现 feel 感觉 get 使 have 使 hear 听见 make 使
see 看见 think 认为 watch 注意看
I couldn’t make myself heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有听众都能听见我。
He found himself surrounded by a group of children.他发现自己被一群孩子包围了。
（8）及物动词+宾语+副词
ask 叫、让 drive 驱使 find 发现 get 使 invite 邀请
let 让 see 看见 shut 关闭 show 领
Can I ask Bob in？ 我可以让鲍勃进来吗？
Show the visitor in，please.请把客人带进来。
They fought bravely to drive the enemy out.他们勇敢地战斗把敌人赶出去。
（9）及物动词+宾语+介词短语
discover 发现 feel 感觉 find 发现 get 使 have 使 hear 听见
keep 保持 make 使 notice 注意到 see 看见
Don’t have children at home all day.Give them time to play outdoors.
不要让孩子老呆在家里。给他们外出玩耍的时间。
She discovered the cat under the table.她发现那只猫在桌子下。
Keep these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.
把所有的书放在书架上，用时随时拿。
5.常用被动句式的实义动词
be accustomed to 使习惯于 be adapted to 适应于
be addicted in 沉溺于 be applied to 应用于
be devoted to 致力于 be dressed in 穿着
be engaged in 从事于 be engaged to 同……订婚
be hidden in/among 藏身于 be lost in 入迷
be occupied with 从事 be prepared for 准备
be seated in （on）就座 be stationed round 驻扎在……周围
He was hidden among the trees.他躲藏在树林里。
Powerful troops were stationed round the capital.首都周围驻扎着强大的部队。