浅谈定语从句中关系代词as与which 区别

2024-11-24 09:59 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:343人

语义的区别:

当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;当主句和从句语义转折不一致时,用which。

位置的区别:

看到句首一定用as,which不可能放在句首。which引导的从句不能放在主句前,而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。

含义的区别:as有“正如”“就像”的含义,which没有此含义,否定句用which。

从句的谓语动词有区别:

当从句的谓语动词是be或相当于联系动词的seem, become等时,可用as或which作主语。但当从句的谓语是行为动词时,只能用which作主语。

定语从句基本概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:

Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?

That is the house where he lived ten years ago.

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which;

关系副词有:when, where, why.

关系词的用法

(一)关系代词的用法:

1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如:

He is the man who/that lives next door.

The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如:

The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.

Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?

注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。

下面是定语从句中关系代词as和which的区别。

1. 互换的情况:两者有时可互换。如:
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的。

2. 只有as的情况:以下两种情况,习惯只用as,不用which。
①在such, as, the same后引导定语从句时只能用ash。如:
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It’s the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。

This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。

② 当从句位于主句前面时,只用 as。如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的。

3. 值得注意的情况:以下三种情况值得注意。
①as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,但which无此限制。比较:
He went abroad, as [which] was expected. 他
出国了,这是大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as)
②as 引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词,而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念,而which 则无此限制。如:
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
③当as 引导非限制性定语从句作主语时,其谓语通常应是连系动词,而不宜是其他动词,而 which则无此限制:

She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了,这似乎很自常。

She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了,这使我们很高兴。(不用as)

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