语三种非谓语动词动词不定式，动名词和分词；
其中分词又分为现在分词doing和过去分词done。
一、那么，现在分词和过去分词怎么区别？
1，逻辑上来说，现在分词是主动关系；过去分词是被动关系。
The man coming up is our teacher.
走过来的那个人是我们的老师。
You can have your clothes washed in the washing machine.
你可以用洗衣机洗衣服。
The amazing story told by him is totally made up.
他讲的那个惊人的故事完全是虚构的。
2，时间上来说，现在分词是现在进行的；过去分词是过去完成的。
The developed countries are supposed to make more efforts to protect our environment.
发达国家应该更加努力地保护我们的环境。
Although its economy develops fast, China is still a developing country.
虽然经济发展很快，但中国仍然是一个发展中国家。
Watch out! You can get burnt by the boiling water.
小心！你会被开水烫到的。（这里的开水是指正在沸腾的水。）
The Chinese people tend to drink boiled water.
中国人喜欢喝开水。（这里的开水是指烧开了的水。）
He is making a speech on modern education.
他正在就现代教育发表演讲。
They have already left.
他们已经走了。
二、现在分词和过去分词在句子种具体怎么运用？
现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作谓语，表语，定语，补足语和状语。
1，分词作谓语动词
非谓语动词，顾名思义一般不做谓语。但它们可以和助动词连用，构成不同的时态和语态。
具体而言，现在分词可以构成连续（或进行）时态：
现在进行时：
They are having dinner at the moment.
他们正在吃晚饭。
过去进行时：
When I came home mother was preparing the dinner.
当我回家时，妈妈正在准备晚餐。
将来进行时：
We'll be playing football tomorrow at 5 PM.
我们明天下午5点踢足球。
现在完成进行时：
He has been teaching English in China for twenty years.
他在中国教了二十年英语了。
过去完成进行时：
We had been waiting for thirty minutes when he finally showed up.
我们等了三十分钟，他终于出现了。
将来完成进行时：
Jack will have been doing his homework for three hours by six o'clock.
到六点钟时杰克就已经做了三个小时的家庭作业了。
过去分词可以构成完成时态和被动语态：
现在完成时：
She's already gone to school.
她已经上学了。
We have visited the village three times.
我们去过那个村子三次了。
过去完成时：
The train had left before she arrived at the station.
火车在她到达车站之前就开走了。
将来完成时：
I will have had the walls painted by next Friday.
到下星期五我就把墙粉刷好了。
被动语态：
The research was conducted by the Department of Education.
该项研究是由教育部进行的。
The dog must be trained to obey its master.
狗必须经过训练才会服从主人。
Cows are raised for their milk.
奶牛是为产奶而饲养的。
2，分词作形容词
分词作形容词，在句子中可以做表语，定语和补足语。
现在分词和过去分词主要从主动被动上加以区别。
另外，使役动词现在分词表示人或物的本身特征；过去分词表示人或物的心情或状态等。
其实也可以理解为主动被动：心情或状态自然是受外界影响的。
When you’re bored at work, it's time to take a vacation.
当你厌烦工作时，是时候休假了。 （表语）
The boring speech put the audience to sleep.
枯燥的演讲使听众昏昏欲睡。（定语）
The bored man went to sleep during the speech.
那个听的乏味的人在演讲时睡着了。（定语）
They found it boring to be at the party.
他们觉得参加聚会很无聊。（宾语补足语）
The boys are too excited to calm down!
孩子们兴奋得无法平静下来！（表语）
The excited crowd gathered in the pub.
激动的人群聚集在酒吧里。（定语）
Everyone cheered when the exciting news came.
当令人兴奋的消息传来时，大家都欢呼起来。（定语）
Who's that beautiful girl playing the piano?
那个弹钢琴的漂亮女孩是谁？（定语）
He is a hero remembered by everyone forever.
他是大家都永远铭记的英雄。（定语）
3，分词作副词
分词用的最多的是作副词，在句子中作状语。
与句子主语是主动关系，用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词。
Too excited to fall asleep, I opened a can of beer.
兴奋得睡不着觉，我打开了一罐啤酒。
Bored at home,he decided to go to the movies.
在家里无聊，他决定去看电影。
"Answer me." the teacher said to me, ignoring the others.
“回答我。”老师对我说，不理睬其他人。
"How long have you been here?" he asked, sitting down on the chair.
“你来这儿多久了？”他问道，在椅子上坐了下来。
Having lived in the UK for 3 years, he can speak English like a Briton.
在英国生活了3年，他英语说得像英国人一样。
Left alone with nowhere to go, I stayed at the cafe for 2 hours.
独自一人无处可去，我在咖啡馆呆了两个小时。
独立主格结构：分词与句子主语没有逻辑关系，要在分词前加上逻辑主语：
His heart broken, he never married again.
他心碎了，再也没有结婚。
He ran past me, his dog following him.
他从我身边跑过，他的狗跟着他。
He came into the house with the evening paper tucked under his arm.
他腋下夹着晚报走进屋子。