高考英语阅读理解推理题的真正考察逻辑及应对措施

2024-11-23 07:54 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:352人

Which can be a suitable title for the text?

What can be inferred about the digital transformation?

What is the text mainly about?

What can we learn about the Cruise's driverless ride services?

What does the author describe in detail in paragraph 3?

推理判断题的提问方式,基本如上所述。判断细节题和推理题的不同,有一个最简单的粗暴方法,即如果无法利用题目中的关键词或关键信息,在文中进行答案句的定位,这该提问方式十有八九是推理判断题

推理题的核心考察逻辑是,要求学生通读全段或者全文,进行整体把控,再依据相关信息进行推导,从而验证选项的正误。而在实际做题过程中,学生因为相关背景知识储备的缺失整体框架的不重视做题方法过于单一以及自我逻辑推理异常活跃等问题,常常在脑海中构建出完全不一样的行文含义,导致出现阅读或理解上的偏差。

不同于细节理解题,推理题有以下几个特点:

① 推理题的提问方式放诸四海皆准,即不局限于单篇文章;

(2023•新高考Ⅰ)(1)What is the book aimed at?

A.Teaching critical thinking skills.

B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.

C.Solving philosophical problems.    

D.Promoting the use of a digital device.

第一问中,询问the book的目的,典型的细节题,即强调书的目的,因此答案句应定位到The goal of this book is to……如book换做其他名词性用语,则另一篇阅读的细节,如(2023•浙江)的提问方式:

What does InSPIRE aim to do?

A.Improve the productivity of local farms.

B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.

C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly.

D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.

目标或目的性问法,从文中寻找aim的同义表达,或者直接寻找to do不定式表目的的表达方式,这是确定答案句比较快速的方法。答案句为:InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.

再看(2023•新高考Ⅱ)What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?

A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.

B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.

C.The same nature experience takes different forms.

D.The nature language enhances work performance.

其提问方式可在其他文章中找到踪迹,如:

(2023•新高考Ⅰ)What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?

A.He was fond of traveling.

B.He enjoyed being alone.

C.He had an inquiring mind.

D.He longed to be a doctor.

这种能在其他文本中找到,且通常为常规式提问方式,基本上都是推理判断题。    

② 推理题常从段落或语篇的宏观角度出发,而不局限于细节信息;

(2023•浙江) Yet as the months of reducing waste continued,I did what I could that was within my own reach.I had my own bedroom,so I worked on removing things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品),I was able to start personalizing my routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to cook every so often,so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch,but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.

 What can we infer about the author?

A.She is quite good at cooking.

B.She respects others' privacy.

C.She enjoys being a housewife.

D.She is a determined person.

对于全局层面的段落归纳或推断,推理题的选项,常为各段落或文章的高度信息概括,即可以从写作者的角度,反推文本的写作方法

拿一个已归纳完成的句子,去段落中寻找相互印证的证据,远比从段落中总结核心内容要容易得多。

 推理题的正确选项,常为文中相关表述的同义表达,即不适用“相同词即正确答案”原则;

(2023•乙卷)One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake,Wisconsin,to climb the purple quartz(石英)rock around the lake.After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks,we decided to photograph the scene at sunset.The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.However,we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely.Once we found the place,it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.Still,looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.    

What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake?

A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.

B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.

C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.

D.They had problems with their equipment.

从上题可以看出,选项A和B,在文中有一些相同词汇出现。如果该题是细节题,且能根据问句进行答案句的定位,则需选择复现词出现最多的选项,其背后逻辑是更多的细节词,能够更准确还原细节场景。

而对于推理判断题,因为答案句无法确定,对于文中出现对应的一些词汇,则需要引起警惕,这是出题人在挖坑。推理的选项,理应是文中相关表述的另一种表达方式,因此很难出现相同的表达,这是这种类型题目性质所决定的。

推理判断题,归根结底,问法的核心在于判定以下四个选项中,哪一个是正确的,即和which of the following is true在提法上没有本质的区别。而这种提问方式,其正确答案的分布以CDBA排列,即选项C为正确答案的概率最高,当然这是玄学做法,但我们依然可以从C选项开始判断,从而缩短做题时间

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