1.及物动词宾语
(1)动名词只能作“动名词作宾语的特定及物动词”的宾语。
I enjoy singing English songs.我喜欢唱英语歌曲。
I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.我提议结束会议。
(2)不定式只能作“不定式作宾语的特定及物动词”的宾语。
We all hope to go to college.我们都希望能上大学。
Einstein once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a minute.
一次爱因斯坦拒绝了每分钟一千美元的电台演讲。
(3)有些及物动词后不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同。
He doesn’t like being laughed at.他不喜欢被人嘲笑。
I like to sing and dance.我喜欢唱歌跳舞。
(4)有些及物动词后不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.我没有打算伤害你的感情。
Learning well English does not mean just working hard in a class.
学好英语并不意味着只在课堂上努力学习。
2.介词宾语
(1)动名词可作介词宾语。
I’m thinking of going to Hangzhou.我在考虑到杭州去一趟。
I’m all for going by bus.我完全赞成坐公共汽车去。
(2)不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词but,except等后面才行。
In winter a cold blooded creature has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
冬季冷血动物别无选择只有冬眠。(to lie down and sleep作but的宾语)
Yesterday afternoon he did nothing but lie in bed sleeping.
昨天下午他无事可做只有躺下睡觉。(lie in bed是省略to的不定式作but的宾语)
【提示】 but 前有某种形式的do时,要省略to 3.只用不定式的情况
(1)当 like,love,hate,prefer 与 would,should 连用时,其后只能接不定式。
I’d like to tell you something.我想告诉你一些情况。
I’d love to have a room of my own.我喜欢有一个自己的房间。
I’d hate to spend Christmas alone.我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。
I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.我愿8月去,不愿7月去。
(2)当 begin,start 本身为进行时态或后接 know,realize,understand等表示心理活动的动词时,其后的动词只能用不定式。
He was beginning to recover when he had another attack.
他正在开始恢复时,突然又发病了。
He started to realize that he was wrong.他开始意识到自己错了。