1.主旨大意题解题的“五大原则”
主旨大意题是不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题目﹐解题时要注意以下“五大原则”:
①以原文为依据,不掺杂个人意见,要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为……怎么样”的观点。
②答案是比出来的。因为,有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的,只选最好的。比答案的原则是:好的≥不知道的≥不对的。
③注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词,比如: all . always, never , nothing ,every等,除非文章当中使用了该类词汇,否则,一般都要排除。
④答案要避免以点带面,以偏概全。尤其是多个选项都有道理,难以挑选正确答案的时候,要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。
⑤“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当是不知道,不要枉自猜测,自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。
2.选帽原则
所谓选帽原则,就是选的标题要像帽子一样,大小合适才行。另外,标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔,所以它还要具有醒目的特点,能吸引读者。
例 Hi，dear boys and girls ! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.First.eat different foods，especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favourite food，but you'd better eat something different. lf you eat different foods，you will probably get more nutrients(营养物质)your body needs.Second，drink water and milk as often as possible. . .Third.listen to your body.. .Fourth，limit(限制)screen times. . .Fifth，be active.. .Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.
★Which is the best title of the passage?
A.How to be active
B. How to make yourself important C.How to make your parents healthy D. How to be a healthy kid
3.主题定位法
主旨大意题主要包括两类;标题类和主旨大意类。这两类题目有很多的共性,解这类题目时,主要采取主题定位法。所谓主题定位法,就是通过分析文章的首尾和各段开头,找出每一小段的主题句,然后通过寻找共同点,找出整个文章的主题句。这种方法叫作主题定位法。要掌握好主题定位法,考生要明白主题主要的呈现方式:
(1)藏头露尾式
藏头露尾式的意思是说,主题句不是出现在开头,而是出现在结尾。
例 On the Internet，we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can.We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet.what 's more，we can go to school on the net，read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages.We also enjoy music， watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net，we can do shopping even without leaving our homes.The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
★What 's the main idea of the passage?A.Keep away from the Internet.B.Surf the net.C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.D.We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.
(2)首尾呼应式
在有些文章中,为了突出主题,作者在文章开头提出主题,接着进行阐述或论证,在结尾时再次点明主题。值得注意的是,前后两个主题句不是简单的重复,再次出现的主题句往往是对前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
例 Lacrosse(长曲棍球)is a popular sport in Canada.The Indians in Canada invented it.They used it to train for war.They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.People play lacrosse outdoors.The lacrosse field is seven meters long.At each end of the field there is a goal.The goal is. . .There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada.Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada.Today it is still popular with Canadians.
★The passage is mainly about
A. how to Play Lacrosse
B. lacrosse in Canada
C.the History of Lacrosse
D.lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
(3)藏龙卧虎式
藏龙卧虎式指的是主题句隐含在全文当中,没有明确的主题句。具体方法是:首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
例Handshaking. though a European practice, is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met，they showed their unarmed hands to each other as a sign of good will.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly，people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“ Let 's shake( hands ) on it!”sometimes means agreement reached.
★The paragraph mainly tells us
A. where handshaking was first practiced
B.how handshaking came about
C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D.about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China.