说明文的核心在于“话题”，即说明对象。
第一步，首段必须精读，明确对象，并依据说明对象，进行预判，如话题可能涉及的领域、固定式的行文逻辑、作者对话题的褒贬性等。
第二步，读题，确定出题的大致类型。
（1）Which of the following best describes the Mesoamerican Reef for sharks？
（2）What does the underlined "they" in paragraph 4 refer to？
（3）What contributed to Ivan's attitude shift apart from education？
（4）What is mainly stressed in the last paragraph？
阅读理解最核心出题方式：顺次出题。确定问题所对应段落，且找准答案句后，段落中其他信息可在一定程度上进行忽略。
第三步，区别细节题和推理题的注意事项。细节题，注重细节词的复现或同意表达，而推理题恰恰相反，复现越多，越不准确。
（2023秋•烟台期中）For sharks，the Mesoamerican Reef，which stretches over 600 miles，is a busy highway.Sharks use it to find their way and it provides them with food and habitat.
But as with on-land highways，this superhighway can be dangerous.Overfishing，commercial development and illegal practices are endangering the species. "We're seeing a continued decline in shark populations.Our goal is to turn that round." says Rachel Graham，founder of Mar Alliance，a non-profit organization focused on conserving sharks.
（1）Which of the following best describes the Mesoamerican Reef for sharks？
A．Romantic but messy. B．Vital but insecure.
C．Adventurous but beautiful. D．Unfamiliar but reliable.
第一题：四组形容词的辨析。出题逻辑上，可能存在一半正确一半错误的情况，而错误的形容词，因为词汇原因，造成理解障碍。
答案句的定位技巧：
1.问号前的3-4个词。这一技巧的原理在于，特殊疑问句翻译语序，从后往前翻，关键信息常位于疑问句句尾。
2.采用大数名，即大写、数字、名词等进行关键信息定位。
根据选项，but表转折，因而在寻找答案句时，也应确定两处位置。
首句For sharks，the Mesoamerican Reef，which stretches over 600 miles，is a busy highway.
黄色标记为关键词复现，确定句中形容词busy。
第二段首句But as with on-land highways，this superhighway can be dangerous.
but为转折词，出现第二个形容词dangerous。
选项中，并未出现busy或dangerous。下一步，确定两个词的同意表达。insecure和dangerous具有比较明显的对应关系，而选项中的vital，是否直接对应busy，则需回归首段，再次进行验证。首段第二句，it provides them with food and habitat，提供food和habitat，对应vital。因而答案为B。
By monitoring sharks，Mar Alliance can collect important knowledge on the species to help inform conservation and push for political action.But rather than acting in opposition to the local fishing community，MarAlliance enlists their help.
"They are the ones who are on the sea every single day，" says Graham， "and they're the ones who decide the species' future."
（2）What does the underlined "they" in paragraph 4 refer to？
A．MarAlliance. B．The fishers.
C．Monitoring authorities. D．The sharks.
第二题，词义猜测。代词的指代，先确定词所在句子，如无法确定有效信息，则需找前文。
本句中，确定they同人（who）有关，则可首先排除选项D。
查看前句，But rather than acting in opposition to the local fishing community，MarAlliance enlists their help.
本句出现两方，即local fishing community和MarAlliance，对应选项A和B。
其次，确定Graham的身份，便可确定they所指代的对象。第二段中，对Graham有身份介绍，Rachel Graham, founder of Mar Alliance。因而答案为B。
MarAlliance employs up to 60 fishermen across its range，mostly on a project basis，training them to collect data，record and release fish.Not only does this provide an alternative income to fishing communities，making them less dependent on natural resources，but it also teaches them about the benefits of a healthy ocean ecosystem and how to fish sustainably.
Among them，Ivan Torres，who used to catch sharks to sell locally as food，has learned how critical they're to the whole ecosystem，saying he'd never fish sharks any more.
If this attitude change continues to spread throughout fishing communities，Graham has hope for the shark populations. "The primary threat to sharks is unquestionably overfishing，" she says， "By reforming the industry，populations can bounce back."
（3）What contributed to Ivan's attitude shift apart from education？
A．A stricter fishing ban. B．The insurance payout he earned.
C．An offer of extra work. D．The fishing communities' intervention.
第三问，出现人物Ivan，定位答案段落。其次，确定关键词attitude shift apart from education所在句子。fishing communities是重复出现的词。因而答案为D。
In 2020，Belize outlawed the use of gillnets，large panels of netting of trapping large sealife.The ban's impact is already noticeable with a recorded 10-fold increase in shark populatio
ns.
But such regulations need to be copied along the whole superhighway for long-lasting impact，and countries need to find a sustainable balance between fishers and the fished. "We
need to find a win-win strategy between fisher livelihoods and shark survival，" Graham emphasizes. "I hope that through education and providing an economic alternative for fishing
communities，MarAlliance will help ensure safe passage for sharks along the reef".
（4）What is mainly stressed in the last paragraph？
A．Solution to overfishing. B．Difficulties facing MarAlliance.
C．Impact of existing regulations. D．Features of international cooperation.
第四题为推理题，各选项为段落主旨的高度概括，因而可以从选项开始，反推段落大意。
根据黄色标记的关键信息regulation, balance, win-win strategy和alternative，段落主旨在于解决方式solution。因而答案为A。
注意，选项C中出现复现词regulation，优先排除，即推理题不选复现信息。