一．就近原则：
（一）就近原则知识点：
1.定义：有些词连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理，“近”指的是离谓语动词近的那个部分。 如果离谓语部分近的主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果离谓语部分近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
2.用法：
(1)or“或者”；
either…or…“要么……要么……”； neither…nor…“既不……也不……”； not…but…“不是……而是……”;
not only…but also…“不但……而且……”
e.g. Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change.
Not only the students but also their teacher objects to the change.
Either you or Tom is supposed to stay at home.
Neither he nor I do the thing.
Not my sister but they make the mistake.
(2)存在句（there/here +谓语动词）的主谓一致:
①存在句的主语和谓语动词的主谓一致关系，在多数情况下，取决于动词之后“真实主语”的语法形式；谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。
二．就远原则：
（一）就远原则知识点：
1. 定义：有些词连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就远一致的原则处理，“远”指的是离谓语动词较远的那个部分。
2.如果离谓语部分较远的主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数；如果离谓语部分较远的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。
2. 用法：
(1)当主语后面跟由but, except, besides, with（和，表伴随），together with（和，表伴随），along with（和，表伴随），like（像），in addition to（除了），as well as（也，又，和），as much as（和），rather than（并非，而不是），more than（不止，超过），no less than（不少于）等连接的词组作主语时，其谓语动词的形式依据主语的单复数而定，谓语动词的单复数形式与这些词组没有关系，取决于这些词组的前半部分。
e.g. The pilot as well as two of the passengers has miraculously escaped death.
Some of the workers, as well as the manager, were working during the holidays.
Doctor Smith, together with his wife and two sons, is to arrive on the evening.
小练习（答案在评论）：
（ ）1.Either you or he something about the task.
A.know B.knows
（ ）2.She,as well as the other students in the classroom, jumping with joy.
A.is B.are
答案：1. B 2. A