中考英语《冠词、数词、介词与连词》考点详解
一、考查不定冠词
1.用在单数名词之前,指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
(2017年重庆A卷)There is tall man in front of the zoo gate.
A. a B. an C. the D./
【解析】答案A。句意为“动物园门口前有一位高个子男人。”表示“某一个”用不定冠词,句中tall的读音以辅音音素开头,所以使用不定冠词a。故选A。
2.用于首次提到的人或物的单数名词之前。
(2017年呼和浩特卷)—Last Sunday, my parents took me to the zoo. In the zoo we saw
elephant. elephant was from Africa.
A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; A
【解析】答案C。该题句意为“上星期天,我父母带我去动物园。在动物园里我们看见一头象。这头象来自非洲。”第一次提到elephant,并且该词读音以元音音素开头,用不冠词an,后一空表示特指。故选C。
3.a与an的区别:
(2017年潍坊卷)—What do you think of the boy?
—He is honest student today and useful man tomorrow.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
【解析】答案B。该题句意为“你认为这个男孩怎么样?”“今天他是一个诚实的学生,明天就是一个有用的人。”a与an的区别是:a用在以辅音音素开头的词前面,an用在以元音音素开头的词前面。这里所说的是音素,而不是字母。honest尽管拼写形式以辅音字母开头,而发音却是/'ɔnist /,而useful其拼写形式虽然以元音字母开头,而发音却是/'ju:sful/。故选B。
注意以下名词前不定冠词的用法:a universify“一所大学”;a European country“一个欧
洲国家”;a one-eyed dog“一只眼睛的狗”;an hour“一小时”。
4.用于某些固定短语中。
(2016年孝感卷)The family will have good time in Shanghai Disneyland.
A. a B. an C. the D./
【解析】答案A。该题句意为“在上海迪斯尼,这一家将度过美好的时光。”have a good
time是一个固定词组,表示“玩得高兴,过得愉,决”。故选A。
带不定冠词a的固定短语有:take a rest“休息”;take a trip“旅行”;take a walk“散步”;have a look“看一看”;have a cold(fever)“感冒(发烧)”; make a difference“影响”;make an effort“作出努力”;make a living“谋生”等。
二、考查定冠词
1.表示上文提到过的人或事物。
(2017年临沂卷)This afternoon my grandfather bought a magazine and a newspaper. The magazine is in his bag, but he can't remember where he put newspaper.
A. a B. an C. the D./
【解析】答案C。该题句意为“今天下午我爷爷买了一本杂志和一份报纸。杂志在他的包里,但他忘记把报纸放在哪了?”根据句意可知,newspaper是上句提到的这份报纸,是特指。故选C。
2.表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
(2017年泰安卷)—Do you know girl with long curly hair?
一Y'es, she is Mary. She plays tennis very well.
A. a, / B. the, / C. the, the D. a, the
【解析】答案B。该题句意为“你认识那位卷长头发的女孩吗?”“是的,她是玛丽。她网球打得很好。”名词girl被介词短语with long curly hair修饰,所以是特指。第二空play tennis“打网球”,不用冠词。故选B。
3.用在序数词、形容词最高级以及next, last, only, very, same等词前面。
(2017年滨州卷)—Kate, are you only child in your family?
一Yes, but new baby is on the way.
A. the; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; the
【解析】答案C。该题句意为“Kate,你是家里唯一的孩子吗?”“是的,但是一个新生婴儿就要到来了。”第一空only child“唯一的孩子”,only前须加定冠词。“一个新生婴儿”表数量“一”,new的第一个音素是辅音/n/。故选C。
4.演奏乐器时,常用在乐器名称之前。
(2017年宿迁卷)Every evening my daughter plays piano for an hour.
A. the B. a C./ D. an
【解析】答案A。该题句意为“每天早上我女儿弹钢琴一个小时。”play the piano“弹钢琴”,pian。前须用定冠词。故选A。
5.用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
(2017年武威卷) moon is very bright at night.
A. A B. An C. The D./
【解析】答案C。该题句意为“在晚上月亮很明亮。”moon“月亮”,sun“太阳”,sky“天空”,world“世界”,universe“宇宙”等名词前要加定冠词。故选C。
6.用在某些习惯用语中。
(2016年齐齐哈尔卷) 一What's matter with you?
一I have fever.
A. an; the B. the;/ C. the; a
【解析】答案C。该题句意为“你怎么啦?”“我有点发烧。”What's the matter with...?是固定搭配,matter前有定冠词the。第二空have afever“发烧”。故选C。
以下短语须与定冠词搭配:go to the cinema“去看电影”;go to the doctor's“去诊所”;at the same time“同时”;at the moment“此刻;当时”
三、考查零冠词
1.在三餐饭的名词前不用冠词。
(2017年十堰卷)I usually have breakfast at home. I think it’s good for my health.
A. a B. an C. the D./
【解析】答案D。该题句意为“我通常在家吃早饭。我认为这对身体有好处。”have breakfast“吃早饭”,一般不用冠词。故选D。
注意:如breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner被描绘性定语修饰,则其前通常要用不定冠词a(an)。如:
We had a late lunch.我们很晚才吃中饭。
2.在球类、棋类运动的名词前不用冠词。
(2017年重庆B卷)The boys often play basketball after school.
A./ B. a C. an D. the
【解析】答案A。该题句意为“男孩们经常放学后打篮球。”play basketball“打篮球”,球类名词前不用冠词。故选A。
比较:
The children are playing basketball.孩子们在打篮球。
The children are playing with a basketball.孩子们在玩(一个)篮球。
3.与by连用的交通工具名词前不用冠词。
(2016年泰安卷)I usually ride bike to school. But this morning, I went to school by
bus.
A. a; the B. the; a C.不填;a D. a;不填
【解析】答案D。该题句意为“我通常骑自行车去上学,但是今天早晨我是坐公共汽车上学的。”by bus (car, train, plane, ship, subway,bike...)“坐公共汽车(小汽车/火车/飞机/轮船/地铁/骑自行车……)”这些搭配中不用冠词,但ride a bike, take a bus等短语里要用冠词。故选D。
4.在称呼、表示头衔或职务的名词前不用冠词。
(2017年连云港卷)Donald Trump 71-year-old businessman, was chosen
President of the US last year.
A. a; a B. a;/ C. the; a D. the; the
【解析】答案B。该题句意为“唐纳德·特朗普,一位71岁的商人,去年被选为美国总统。”第二空President是表示职位的名词,其前不用冠词,第一空表示“一位”用不定冠词a。故选B。
5.在大多数专有名词,泛指的抽象名词和物质名词前不用冠词。
(2017年连云港卷)一 delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much!
—I'm glad that you enjoyed it.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
【解析】答案C。该题句意为“今晚你款待了我们多么美味的食物!非常感谢!”“我很高兴你喜欢。”food“食物”,是物质名词,不可数,其前通常不用冠词a;感叹词what修饰名词food ,故选C。
6.在某些固定词组里不用冠词。
(2016年菏泽卷)—Did you have good time yesterday?
—Yeah, I really had fun at the party!
A. a;/ B. a; the C./; the
【解析】答案A。该题句意为“昨天你过得愉快吗?”“是的,我的确在聚会上玩得很开心。”have fun“玩得高兴”,是固定词组,fun前不用冠词。故选A。
类似的词组有:go to bed“睡觉”;go to school“上学”;go to town“进城”;in hospital“住
院”;in class“在课堂上”等。
【自我检测】
1. (2017年青岛卷)Look! There is bottle on the table.
A. a B. an C. the D./
2. (2017年扬州卷)They stopped in beautiful place for camping, near
farmhouse of the Smiths.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
3. (2017年南充卷)—Who's boy under the tree?
—Bill. He's active boy.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; a D. the; an
4. (2017年天津卷)Shenzhen is on coast near Hong Kong. It was small village many years ago.
A. a; the B. the; a C.不填;不填 D. the; the
5. (2017年扬州卷)一 bad news! We didn't win the 15th Sudirman Cup.
—It's a pity.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
6. (2017年兰州卷)There are a lot of on the grassland. sheep-dog is sitting next to them.
A. sheep; The B. sheep; A C. sheeps; The D. sheeps; A
7. (2017年邵阳卷)This is interesting story for the kids.
A. an B. a C./
8.(2017年乐山卷)—Did you get up late this morning?
—Yes, so after quick breakfast, I had to run to offtce.
A.不填 B. the C. a
9. ( 2017年随州卷)Lang Lang is famous pianist. He plays piano very well.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the;/ D. a;/