1. disease指具体的疾病，是可以患上或感染的疾病
heart/liver/kidney, etc. disease
心脏病、肝病、肾病等
contagious diseases 传染病
He suffered from a stomach disease.
他有胃病。
health measures to prevent the spread of disease
预防疾病传播的保健措施
It is not known what causes the disease.
这种病的起因不明。
The disease affects fully 30 per cent of the population.
这种病感染了足足30%的人口。
The disease is spreading at a rapid rate.
这种疾病正在迅速蔓延。
Patients with the disease should be isolated.
这种病的患者应予以隔离。
The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大的意义。
He suffers from a rare blood disease.
他患有一种罕见的血液病。
Doctors still don't understand much about the disease.
医生对这种疾病还不太了解。
In an ideal world there would be no poverty and disease.
在理想的世界里将没有贫穷和疾病。
Extensive research has been done into this disease.
对这种疾病已进行了广泛研究。
The disease can take several different forms.
这种疾病可能有几种不同的形式。
The test is used to diagnose a variety of diseases.
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。（表示种类是可数名词）
400 people a year die of this disease on average.
平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
Diet plays an important role in the management of heart disease.
饮食对于心脏病的治疗有重要作用。
Obesity can increase the risk of heart disease.
肥胖会增加患心脏病的危险。
另外，这个词还可以指)弊端；恶疾；痼疾；弊病，积习，恶习；可数名词
Greed is a disease of modern society.
贪婪是现代社会的恶疾。
...the wretched disease of racism eating away at the core of our society.
侵蚀着我们社会核心的种族主义恶疾
2.illness 疾病；(身体或精神上的)病；患病期
通常指抽象的疾病，多指身体不适的时间或状态，但不用来指感冒、头疼之类的小病。
mental illness
精神病
Many people suffer from mental illness at some point in their lives.
许多人在人生的某个阶段都会得精神病。
I missed a lot of school through illness last year.
我去年因病耽误了很多功课。
[可数名词] （某种）病；患病期
minor/serious illnesses 小 / 重病
childhood illnesses儿童患的各种病
He died after a long illness.
他久病不愈而亡。
The illness was diagnosed as cancer.
此病诊断为癌症。
If untreated, the illness can become severe.
若不加以治疗，病情就可能会变得很严重。
A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness.
糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。
Vitamin deficiency in the diet can cause illness.
饮食中缺乏维生素可能导致疾病。
You have to ask for leave if you take off work due to illness.
如果你因病没去上班，你得请假。
His grandfather is recovering from a short illness.
他祖父不久前生病，目前正在逐渐康复。
If your child shows any signs of illness, take her to the doctor...
如果您的孩子出现任何患病症状,带她去看医生。
She returned to her family home to recover from an illness.
她回家养病来了。
He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
他在整个生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。
It'll take her time to recover from the illness.
她康复需要时间。
There are two schools of thought about how this illness should be treated.
关于如何治疗这种疾病，有两派不同的意见。
You may find your illness hard to accept.
你可能觉得难以接受自己患病。
His illness was brought on by money worries and overwork.
他的病是因操心钱和劳累过度而造成的。
Her illness was Nature's way of telling her to do less.
她的疾病是天意在告诉她不要太劳累。
Her father's illness cast a cloud over her wedding day.
她父亲的病给她的结婚喜庆日蒙上了一层阴影。
The illness damaged his Action Man image.
这场病损害了他那爱打拼的形象。
The illness can be treated provided it's caught early enough.
此病若及早发现是可医治的。
She is still weak after her illness.
她病后仍然虚弱。
3.sickness疾病；不健康；和illness则多指生病的状态（可数或不可数）；但是illness有时也指具体的疾病。
[不可数名词, 可数名词, 通常用单数形式] …病；…症
I recommend you get insurance against sickness and unemployment.
我建议你办个疾病和失业保险。
Think carefully before you insure against accident, sickness and redundancy
在为意外事故、疾病与失业投保之前一定要考虑清楚。
In fifty-two years of working he had one week of sickness.
在52 年的工作中他仅病过一周。
In fifty-two years of working he had one week of sickness
在52年的工作中他仅病过一周。
He is seized with a painful sickness.
他得了一种痛苦的疾病。
The boy refuses to go to school on [ under] the pretext of illness [ an ailment, sickness].
这孩子装病不去上学。《汉英大词典》
I was afraid the sickness had sapped my strength
我担心患病已让我元气大伤。
The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.
对外公布的总统未到场原因是身体有恙。
27 million working days are lost each year due to work accidents and sickness
每年有2,700万个工作日因为工作事故和病假而损失掉了。
She's been off work because of sickness.
她因病没有上班。
altitude/travel/radiation, etc. sickness
高原病、旅行眩晕、辐射病等
radiation sickness.
辐射病
[不可数名词] 恶心；呕吐
symptoms include sickness and diarrhoea
症状包括呕吐和腹泻
He felt a great rush of sickness.
他忽然觉得非常想吐。
Many women experience sickness during pregnancy.
许多妇女在怀孕期都会有恶心现象。
The sickness passed off after a while.
过了一会儿，就不觉得恶心了。
After a while, the sickness gradually passed and she struggled to the mirror.
过了一会儿，她渐渐不那么恶心了，挣扎着到了镜子前。
[单数名词] 悲伤；失望；厌恶；反感
4.trouble 毛病
指身体某部位出现的健康问题。
back trouble
背痛
An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.
不合适的床最有可能引起背部疼痛。
My back's been giving me a lot of trouble lately.
我的后背最近一直疼痛。
I've been having trouble with my knee.
我一直膝盖痛。
He has trouble with his left shoulder.
他左侧肩膀有问题。
He suffers from back troubles.
他有背疾。
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