秒杀动名词和不定式作主语的问题

2024-11-23 15:25 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:102人

动名词和不定式都可以作主语,但它们在用法和含义上存在一些差别和联系,市面上的语法书和各种正规考试标准答案都是众说纷纭,错漏百出,令人啼笑皆非,今天就给大家秒掉这个问题:

一、当动词所表示的动作不是指某个特定的行为,而是指一般的行为(具有泛指意义)时,既可以使用动名词作主语,也可以使用动词不定式作主语:

I was often a little tired after a day's work and watching/to watch TV demands very little effort.(99高考真题)

一天的工作后,我经常有点累,甚至连看电视欲望几乎都没有了。

Playing/To play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.

踢足球不仅让我们长得又高又壮,而且给我们养成一种公平竞争和团队精神的意识。(98高考真题)

但是,非常遗憾的是上述二题这些高考专家们给出的所谓标准答案只有动名词。(说明他们不懂这个问题)

再看下面的上海96年会考题:

Learning / to learn how to write English well takes a long time.

学习怎么把英语写好是要花很长时间的。

非常遗憾,所给的标准答案也只有动名词。(实际上,与上述题目一样,这个句子不定式也可以作主语)

再如:Learning/ To learn a language requires time and effort. 学习一门语言需要时间和努力。

To learn/ Learning a new language is challenging but rewarding.

学习一门新语言是具有挑战性的,但也是值得的。

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(百闻不如一见。)

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

Rowing keeps you fit.划船运动使人健康。

To study hard is important.努力学习是重要的。

Reading books is a good habit.阅读书籍是个好习惯。

To teach is to learn twice.教学是再学习。(教一遍,等于学两遍。)

To change energy from one form into another is not difficult.

把能量从一种形式转化为另一种形式并非困难的事。

二、当动词所表示的动作是指某一特定的活动时,通常用动词不定式作主语:

To act like that is childish.这样做是很幼稚的。

To be there is a pleasure.到那儿去是一大乐趣。

To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。

三、不定式作主语时通常位于句首,也可把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在后面。不定式通常有逻辑主语,一般用for短语来引出,即for sb. to do sth.。例:

To read French is easier than to speak it.

It is easier to read French than to speak it.

读法语比说法语容易。

She said it was absurd to be afraid.

她说害怕是愚蠢的。

It’s not easy for me to answer this question.对我来说回答这个问题不容易。

当表语形容词表示的是逻辑主语的性质或特征时,介词用of。例:

It's very kind of you to do so.你这样做真是太善良了。

动名词作主语时常见于下列句型:

It is/was no use/good doing sth.;

It is/was not any use/good doing sth.;

It is/was of little use/good doing sth.等。例:

It is no use quarreling about it.在这件事上争吵毫无意义。

一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语时可互换,但二者也有区别。动名词作主语通常表示一般的、抽象的动作或一件已知的事情或经验;而不定式作主语则表示具体的、将要发生的动作或目的。例:

Smoking is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。

It is not good to eat too much.吃太多不好。

It is no use simply to tell adolescents to shape up and do something useful.

仅仅告诉青少年要品行端正,做有意义的事,是没有用的。

柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典

四、用动名词作主语时,虽然也可以使用it 作形式主语,而将真实主语的动名词放句末,但这仅限于有限的句型:在It is 之后接有no use, no good, fun, a wonder, useless, nice, worthwhile, worth one’s while, good ,interesting, funny, hopeless等词或短语:

It’s no use shouting.

喊也没有用。

It is no use buttering me up because I can do nothing to help you.

奉承我没用,我帮不了你什么忙。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.为洒掉的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。(覆水难收。)

It's no use arguing with a drunk

跟一个醉汉争论是没有用处的。

It is no use fighting shy of publicity and then complaining when sponsors pass us by

一边对做宣传避之不及,一边又抱怨赞助人与我们擦身而过,这样做是没有用的。

It was no use wishing for a miracle.

只是盼望出现奇迹没什么用。

It's no use quarrelling about it with me.

为这事和我吵没有用。

It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to join in the tournament.

他已拿定主意不参加比赛了,你再将他也没有用。

It's no good complaining ─ they never listen.

抱怨毫无用处——他们根本不听。

It's no good just having meetings

光开会是没有用的。

It's no good worrying about it now

现在就为此发愁根本没用。

It is no good setting vague and woolly goals — you will not know whether or not you have really achieved them.

树立模糊而不明确的目标是没有用处的——你无法知道自己是否已经达到了目标。

It is no good doing that.

这样做要不得。

It is no good being shattered by failure.

在失败面前,不能张皇失措。

It's hopeless trying to convince her.

想说服她简直是徒劳。

It was fun working there at first but the novelty soon wore off.

开始的时候在那里工作很有趣,但这股新鲜劲很快就过去了。

It’s not worth your while reading this book, because it isn’t accurate.

这本书不值得你去读,因为它不准确。

It might be worth your while to go to court and ask for the agreement to be changed

上法庭要求对协议进行改动也许对你有益。

You'll find it well worth your while to learn something of each island's special features before visiting them.

你会发现游览之前先了解一下各岛的特色非常有帮助。

It might be worth your while to go to court. This is tricky, though, and you'll need expert advice.

对你来说这官司或许值得一打,不过这件事有点棘手,你需要专家的建议。

以上3例摘自《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》说明,worth one’s while,后接动名词或不定式都是可以的。

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