1.动名词作主语
Reading French books is easier than speaking it.
Walking is my sole exercise.
Talking mends no holes.
（谚）空谈无济于事。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
注：
1)动名词作主语时用it作形式主语，把动名词放到句子后面。常见句型:
①It'+adj(useless,hopeless,nice, good,interesting, expensive,worthwhile) + doing sth．
②It's+adj(no use, no good ,fun, a great pleasure, a wonder, a waste of time) +doing sth.
例:
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It’s hopeless arguing about it.
争辩这事没有用。
It is nice seeing you again．
It is good playing chess after supper．
It is expensive running this car．
开这种小车是浪费。
Is it worthwhile quarreling with her ?
It was a waste of time reading that book.
看那本书是浪费时间。
2)“There is +no”后可以用动名词作主语，表示“没法…”：
There was no knowing what he could do .没法知道他能做什么。
2、动名词作表语：
Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.
Seeing is believing. （谚）眼见为实。
3、动名词作宾语：
1）可加动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语
acknowledge承认，自认 admit 承认 avoid避免appreciate 感激，欣赏 advocate提倡，主张bear忍受 complete完成 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了 consider 考虑deny否认 delay延迟 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 excuse借口 enjoy享有，喜爱 envy嫉妒 escape逃跑，逃避 fancy幻想，爱好 finish完成，结束 forgive原谅hate讨厌 厌恶 imagine设想 involve卷入，包含 keep保持 mind 介意 mention说到，讲到 miss错过 permit 允许 pardon原谅，饶恕 prevent阻止 practise 实行，实践 quit放弃停止 resist抵抗，阻止 recall回想 risk冒险save营救，储蓄 stand坚持，忍受 ，suggest建议
例如:
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.
He admitted taking the money.
Fancy meeting you!
To raise wages means increasing purchasing power.
He didnt recall saying it.
He never can resist making a joke.
The garden needs/ wants /requires watering.花园需要被浇水
2) 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，
（1）两者意思不同
I remember telling you about it. Remember to tell him about it.
I’ll never forget hearing Chaliapin singing in that opera.
He forgot to bring his umbrella.
We’ve always regretted selling the farm。
I regret to tell you that my father is ill.我遗憾的告诉你我父亲病了。
Try doing more exercises;you’ll soon lose weight.
I’ll try to improve.我将设法改进。
She couldn’t help feeling depressed.
All this helped(to)raise farm yields.这一切帮助提高了农业产量。
Your hair wants cutting.你的头发需要理了。Somebody wants to see you.有人想见你。
The pants need pressing.
这条裤子需要熨烫。
I don’t think you need to worry about it.
He stopped to talk to us.
他停下来和我们说话。
He stopped talking to us.
他停止和我们交谈。
Go on to do 继续做不同的事
go on doing 续做相同的事
mean to do打算做某事
mean doing意味着做某事
（2）有一些区别，
在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等动词后，
动名词多表示习惯或经常的情况，不定式多表示即将发生或具体一次的事：
Oh,I prefer being alone.
We preferred to walk there.
She dreads seeing them.
I dread to think what may happen.
有时两者可以换用，意思上没有差别：
He hated thinking (to think)about it.
She loves having(to have)lots of young men round her.
(3)在begin ，Start，intend，continue后跟动名词或不定式都可以。
It has started raining(to rain).开始下雨了。The band began playing(to play).
乐队开始演奏。
He intended coming(to come) back soon.
他打算不久就回来。
She continued working(to work)as if nothing had happened.
区别： 在begin，Start，不定式多表示情况发生变化,而动名词表示有意识地开始或停止.
Suddenly it started to rain.天突然下起雨来。 Philip began to cry.菲利普哭了起来。
We began making preparitions for the trip.我们开始作旅行的准备。
注意:在以-ing结尾的动词后不宜再用动名词，以避免-ing的重复：
He was beginning to miss her.
他开始惦记她。
It’s starting to rain.天开始下起雨来。
3)、作动介词短语的宾语
be used to习惯于be accustomed to习惯于 be equal to胜任be given to沉溺于be opposed to反对be related to与……有关 devote oneself to /be devoted to献身于 give rise to引起get down to着手 lead to导致look forward to期望object to反对pay attention to注意put one's mind to全神贯注于 stick to坚持with a view to准备be keen on急着 be quite capable of很有可能 be fed up with烦 be sick of烦 accuse him of指责 charge them with指控 for fear of不敢 suspecte him of怀疑 set about着手 consist in在于How/what about
例如
He has given up playing football.
They will put off doing it until next year.
Even then she carried on talking.
Why do you persist in writing such things?
Robbie couldn’t keep from laughing.
4、动名词作定语
1）动名词表示该名词的用途
例如
boxing competition 拳击比赛 swimming pool 游泳池 speaking contest 演讲比赛
sleeping bag 睡袋 sleeping pill 安眠药片writing desk 写字台 writing paper 信纸
2）介词+动名词构成定语：
He is good at the art of making friends.
他堪谙交友之道。
I admired his skill at driving.
我佩服他开车的技术。
He had the chance(opportunity)of visiting Beijing.
I do not like her way of talking.
我不喜欢她的讲话方式。
5、介词+动名词构成状语：
Bass waited a little while before making up his mind .
After standing in the queue for an hour,we got two tickets.
And,in doing so,he fell into contraditions. On reaching the city,he called up Lester.
I don’t blame you for being cautious. What has he done besides reading the paper?
There is nothing to gain by waiting.
坐等不会有收获。
Without waiting for any reply,he left the room.
He had not bought a new suit since coming to Oxford.
She dissusded me from doing it.
她劝我不要做那事。
6、动名词构成的合成名词
1）“动名词+名词”：
waiting room 候车（诊）室 waiting list 候选人名单parking lot(space) 停车场（位） checking account 活期账户 banking system 银行系统sewing machine缝纫机 printing-press 印刷机hearing aid 助听器 operating table 手术台
2）“形容词（名词）+动名词”构成：
deep-ploughing 深耕 close-planing 密植 job-hunting 找工作 sight- seeing 观光window-shopping 逛商店（只看不买）
3）名词化的动名词
可数名词：
painting 画 saying 俗话 warning 警告meaning 意思 ending 结局 feeling 感觉
不可数名词
boating 划船 bowling 打保龄球 surfing 冲浪 dancing 跳舞 mountaineering 登山
常用复数形式：
findings 调查结果savings 积蓄 surroundings 环境 sufferings 苦难
earnings 挣的钱 belongings 财物
例如
Dickens often gave rendings of his works. 狄更斯常常朗读自己的作品。
Who did the cooking? 谁做的饭？
I always enjoy a little light reading.
我一向喜欢读点轻松的东西
He could not analyze his feeling.
他没法分析自己的感情。
Take good care of your belongings.
3）固定说法
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
No loitering.不许在此逗留。
No spitting. 禁止吐痰。
No parking。禁止泊车。
7、动名词的复合结构One’s doing
动名词的复合结构在句中可作：
a).主语：
Your coming to help is a great encouragement to me. 你们来帮忙对我是很大的鼓舞。
Her going off in such a hurry is very risky.她这样匆忙离去很危险。
Jane’s not having received proper training was to her disadvantage.
It has been a great honour your coming to visit us.你来看我们真是不胜荣幸。
b).作动词的宾语或介词宾语：
I hate your going away.我不愿意你走掉。
Forgive my(me) ringing you up so early.
原谅我这么早给你打电话。
I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.感谢你为我花了这么多时间。
I don’t remember my mother’s complaining about it. 我不记得我母亲抱怨过这事。
I strongly object to your saying that.我强烈反对你说这话。
I’m fed up with your grumbling!你唧唧咕咕我都听烦了。
I have made no objection to his doing it.
我对他这样做没表示反对。
There was no chance of his getting scholarships.他没有机会得奖学金。
They’re looking forward to Mary’s coming.他们都盼着玛丽来。
注：在口语中常把’s省略掉或用人称代词宾格表示动名词的逻辑主语：
I don’t remember my mother’s talking about it.(较文气的说法)
I don’t remember my mother talking about it. (较口语化的说法)