高考英语 | 三大从句中的where用法面面观
2024-11-23 12:03
来源:
文化之窗
本文影响了:187人
在中学英语教材中,where是一个用法比较灵活的重点词汇,其在定语从句、名词性从句及状语从句三大从句中的使用一直是各级各类考试的热点之一。现对where在三大从句中的用法总结如下,供学习参考。where用作关系副词,引导定语从句的用法
where用作关系副词,引导限制性或非限制性定语从句,修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是在晴天它借给你一把伞,而在下雨天它把伞又收回来的地方。He reached London in 1996, where some time later, he became a famous actor. 他在1996年到达伦敦,在那里一段时间后他成为了一位著名的演员。注意,当先行词是表示地点的名词时,引导定语从句的关系词不一定都使用关系副词where,有时要用关系代词that或which引导,这主要根据先行词在从句中担当的成分来决定。当先行词在从句中作状语,表地点时,定语从句用关系副词where引导;而当先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,表地点时,定语从句应用关系代词that或which引导(在限制性定语从句里用作宾语时,that或which可以省略)。This is the factory where he once worked. This is the factory (that / which) they visited last year.此外,where引导定语从句时,有时其先行词不是表示具体地点的名词,而是某些表示“抽象地点”的名词,如point, position, case, situation, system, plan, condition, state, scene, business, stage, job等。I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.我能想出许多学生掌握了大量词汇和短语却不能写出一篇好文章的情况。We’re in a position where we may lose a large sum of money. We were put into a position where we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地:要么被迫接受我们低人一等的现实,要么跟政府作斗争。在where引导的定语从句中,有时为使位置关系表达更清楚,还可以在关系副词where 前加介词from,to 等。Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees. 下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。从那里他除了树木什么也没看到。She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town. China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡,从那里风筝传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。
where用作从属连词,引导地点状语从句,意为“在(到)……的地方”,相当于in / at / to the place where。Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 在失业率及犯罪率居高不下的地方, 可以推断后者是由前者引发的。Keep her where you can see her.此外,从属连词where还可以和there连用,构成固定句型“where there is …, there is…”, 意为“哪里有什么,哪里就有什么”,此时where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件的意义, where引导的从句通常放在主句之前。Where there is river, there is a city.Where there is life, there is hope.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is smoke, there is fire.
where用作连接副词,引导名词性从句,在从句中作地点状语。此时的where 相当于the place where…,意为“……的地方”。where用作连接副词,也可以和不定式连用,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。Where we shall have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. Where he got it isn’t clear.有时为了保持句子平衡,避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,往往使用it形式主语放在句首,而将where引导的主语从句后置。It’s really no business of yours where I spent my summer holiday.It’s not decided where the graduates will be sent to work. where引导宾语从句时,既可以用于及物动词(短语)后作宾语,也可以用于介词后作宾语。I’d like to know where you were born.Upon graduation he asked to be sent to where he is most needed. where引导表语从句时,既可以用于系动词be后作表语,也可以用于其它系动词后作表语。另外,where引导表语从句时,与关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换。Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it. This is where (= the place where) the First National Congress took place. 注意,where引导表语从句时,有时表示抽象含义,可有灵活翻译。That’s just where you are mistaken.That was where he failed.where 引导同位词从句时,表示对前面的抽象名词,如fact, news, idea, suggestion, message, word等给予更加具体详细的解释说明。I have no idea where she lives.The proposal had been put forward, and then arose the question where we were to get the proofs needed. 建议被提了出来,然后就出现了这个问题:我们将在哪儿获得所需要的证据。5.where和动词不定式连用,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。I haven’t decided yet where to go for our summer holiday.What I want to know is where to begin.where引导的定语从句、地点状语从句及名词性从句的区别
区别where引导的三大从句,主要是看where引导的从句在句中所充当的成分。当其作状语时,则是状语从句,句中无先行词;当其作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句,句中必须有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;当其作主语时,是主语从句;在连系动词后,是表语从句;在行为动词或介词后,是宾语从句;在名词后,且对该名词起着解释说明作用,则是同位语从句。阅读下列各小题,根据汉语提示,用句末内的英语单词完成句子。
1. Let’s think of a situation _______________________ properly. (use)2.I find teaching fun and challenging. It is a job _______________________ something serious but interesting. (do) 我觉得教书是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作。这是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作。 3.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______________________. (matter)那些成功的盲人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动。4. They stood on the top of the building, _______________________ the whole city. (see)5. The little girl who got lost decided to _______________________ and wait for her mother. (remain) 6. We haven’t discussed yet _______________________ our new furniture. (go)7. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _______________________? (hold)8. I have reached a point in my life _______________________ make decisions of my own. (suppose) 9. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______________________. (disagree) 10. He advised me to live _______________________. (fresh)1. where/ in which this idiom can be used
2. where/ in which you are doing 3. where/ in which sight matters more than hearing 4. from where they could see 6. where we are going to place/ where to place 7. where the party is to be held 8. where I am supposed to 10. where the air is fresher