阅读理解是高考英语试题分值占比最大的题型，有人说得阅读者得高考。很多同学以为阅读理解是考你看完文章之后答出四道题，错，错，错，其实是通过四道题看你能否读懂这篇文章。弄清答案来源，找到解题依据，识别干扰项陷阱是攻克阅读易错题的关键法宝。这里有本人多年积累的解题经验和大家分享。
●【阅读理解文章中的信息其实可以概括为三类】
1、有效信息（主题、重点）：根据“顺序出题原则”并结合题干关键词大致定位每道题在文章的段落，辅助你找到重点信息句。比如第一题可能在一二三段，依次推。如果找不到某道题的段落，可以先做下一题，反推上一题所在段落。
2、干扰信息：为了精准科学传达更多的信息或为了说明研究结果的严谨权威性，抑或为了故意对考生把握重点信息进行干扰，文章作者往往用定语从句，插入语等形式制造长难句，但是我们可以人为排除干扰，忽略次要信息，关注重点信息。如but, however等词后往往是作者的真正意图句）
3、无效信息（非重点）：应用文类阅读非重点信息句较多，因此强烈建议先读题目再作答，查读法解题事半功倍。
●【阅读理解细节型解题策略】
细节型试题主要针对文章的细节，如：时间，地点，过程，原因等提出询问，要求迅速略读后找出所需要的信息。该类试题的干扰项常具有以下特点：
①干扰项与细节部分相似，部分相悖（扩缩范围）
②干扰项内容符合常识，但文中未涉及（文章未提）
③干扰项与细节相同，但不合题干要求（答非所问）
④干扰项与细节部分相符部分不符（正误并存）
⑤干扰项与原文一致，但把本来A的观点按成B的（张冠李戴）
⑥干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变（偷梁换柱）
【解题方法】黄金法则：定位+改写
【2008阅读理解（福建卷）】Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation, part preparation, “The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员) enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I want to race…. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”
The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to _______.
A. fifty weeks’ training B. being a good sprinter
C. training almost every day D. part motivation and part preparation
（此题容易误选A，以为and前文字就是that 指代内容，殊不知人家是“每年训练50周”，那大体就是天天训练，而不是训练50周就成功了）
【2020阅读理解（全国卷）·C】As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It's more popular at the Olympics. B. It's less challenging physically.
C. It's more effective in body building. D. It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
(根据本段第一句中的 some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers可知，跑步时常见的膝盖受伤在竞走者中是很少见的。由此可知，这是竞走相对于跑步而言的一个优势。故选D项。)
●【阅读理解主旨型解题策略】
主旨型试题主要考查对文章中心思想的归纳能力，即在理解内容基础上的综合能力。考查的内容包括：概括全文主题或中心思想，确定文章标题等。试题的干扰项具有以下特点：
①干扰项内容覆盖面过大，超出论述范围（过度概括）
②干扰项内容覆盖面太窄，只涉及部分内容（概括不足）
③干扰项与原文内容有关，但偏离文章主旨（以偏概全）
【解题方法】找主题句或关键词
【2020全国Ⅱ·B】Some parents will buy any high-- tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills... .
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during every -day activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age... .
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program.
（本文主要围绕一项研究展开说明，具体介绍了它的研究对象、研究方法及研究发现，最后还提到其研究结论被发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。）
【2020全国I·D】The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
（根据文中的 positive及所举的两个例子，绿化的区域犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区域员工的工效率更高可如，未段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带的处。故选D项。）
【高考模拟题】According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A) The Gods of the Ancient Greeks
B) The Legend of the Sky God Zeus
C) Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks
D) Religions of the Past
（根据第一句主题句可知A项为正确选项）
●【阅读理解推断型解题策略】
推断型试题主要测试对文章中没有直接说出的隐含内容能否正确理解，考查对作者观点的理解，对修辞、语气等方面知识的掌握。它要求按原文提供的线索，超脱文字局限，获得深层次理解，即“透过现象看本质”，就原文不完全表白而又希望读者理解的含蓄内容做出合乎逻辑的判断。该类试题难度大，句子长，结构复杂，词汇量要求高，试题干扰项具有以下特点：
①干扰项是原文内容，但不是推论或判断（原话不选）
②干扰项符合常识，但从原文无法推知（主观臆断）
③干扰项的内容虽在文中提到，但不至于得出干扰项推论（引申过度）
【解题方法】立足原文，只推一步
【2020全国I·C】Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
（作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running 及其存在的问题 It does, however, have its own problem.，提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选B项。考生遇到选项有Objective的时候要注意，它作为选项的可能性较高）
【2023年全国一卷阅读D篇】Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
00001.
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
00002.
(此句算是概括，the studies led by Navajas，有其不足，且仍存诸多问题，但对小组讨论和决策做出的潜在影响是巨大的。该句是对Navajas的研究的肯定。故选D项)
【常见的表达态度的词语】
(1)、表示积极态度的词：positive (积极的), objective(客观的), supportive(支持的), favorable (赞许的), approving(赞同的), optimistic(乐观的)，enthusiastic（热情的）concerned （关心的，impressive（.给人深刻印象的）等。
(2)、表示消极态度的词：disgusted(厌恶的), dismissive(轻蔑的)， disapproving （不赞成的）critical(批评的), negative(消极的), doubtful(怀疑的), skeptical(怀疑的), suspicious (怀疑的),disappointed(失望的), pessimistic(悲观的), opposed(反对的)， subjective（主观的），tolerant（容忍的）,complaining(抱怨的)等。
(3)、表示其他态度的词：controversial（矛盾的）conservative （保守的） conventional （墨守陈规的）, factual(事实的),neutral((中立的), impartial(不偏不倚的) indifferent （漠不关心的） unconcerned （不关心的）uncaring（不在意的），uncertain（不确定的），curious（好奇的），cautious （小心的，谨慎的），ambiguous（模棱两可的）等。
【2022新高考全国卷1阅读理解A】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
… …
Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
… …
Where is this text probably taken from?
00001.
A textbook. B. An exam paper.
00002.
00003.
C. course plan. D. An academic article.
00004.
(根据文章题目Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature以及小标题可以看出本文是有关文学导论课程的评分细则，由此可以推断出本文应该是选自课程方案（A course plan）。另外A textbook教科书作为正确答案的可能性无限趋近于0。)
【常见文章出处词汇】brochure _______leaflet______ _poster _______ review _______ news _______ report_______ survey _______ research_______ biography_______ guide_______ column_______ textbook _______magazine _______website_______ science fiction_______ novel_______ journal_______
【高考模拟卷】When the bell finally rang, Joe jumped from the edge of his chair and grabbed it.
What can you conclude from this sentence?
A Joe is waiting for his friend’s call
B. Joe is very impatient
C. The bell finally rang,
D. The call is very important for Joe
(从对Joe的动作描写可以看出他很在意这个电话，在焦急的等待着，可以推断出D项为最佳答案)
【高考模拟卷】One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop-assistant , “I need two small gray mice and about five dozen roaches （蟑螂）and two spiders. “ “What do you need these things for ?” The shop-assistant was very surprised . “Well ,” replied the man , “I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it . ”
This passage suggests that when the man moved into the apartment , it ________
A. very clean
B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable
D. dirty and full of insects
(既然保持原样需要那些脏东西，可以推断出D项为最佳答案)
●【阅读理解词义猜测型解题策略】
该试题分三类：一类是解释词义，一类是理解句意，另一类就是判断文中的某个代词指代的对象。题目要求根据上下文特定语境对单词、词组或句子进行释义。
试题干扰项具有以下特点：
①干扰项是对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
②干扰项半对半错。
③干扰项曲解原意。
【解题方法】上下文+构词法
【2018全国ⅡB】If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a "soft-serve" creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
What is "a juicer" in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink C. A container D. A machine.
（根据上下文可猜测juicer为“榨汁机”，故选D）
单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系、句子等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。一般是两种方法综合考虑。①利用构词法猜词；②利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义，同位语和举例等关系来猜测词义。掌握一些信号词还是很有帮助的。信号词指的是那些表明在语意上有一个变化的词汇，在英语文章中，一些比较常用的信号词有：and, so, therefore, but，despite（in spite of），yet，although，however，even though，in contrast，on the contrary ，instead，while, like, for example, for instance，such as 等。这些词汇可以帮助猜测段落中出现的生词。
1.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.（因果关系）
2. If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. （对比关系）
3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.(解释定义----定语从句法)
4.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. (解释定义----定语从句法)
5. You can take any of the periodicals, like The World of English，Foreign Language Teaching in School，or English Learning.（举例）
6. Today young couples who are just starting their household often spend lots of their money on appliances， for instance，washing-machine， fridge and colour TV sets. （举例）
7. Some human actions are learned ，but quite a few other actions are innate. （转折关系）
8. In fact， only about 80 ocelots， an endangered wild cat， exist in the U.S. today.（同位语）