Ⅰ. 作动词的宾语
agree, afford, aim, ask, attempt尝试, choose, continue继续, decide决定, desire要求, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, pretend假装,seem,tend, refuse,want, wish 等.
注意：
接to do作宾语的动词妙记：（谐音为mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的）
manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/ pretend/ promise,seem,decide/ desire/ determine)
例：
I offered to help her, but she refused.
He pretended not to hear me.
Ⅱ. 在feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等动词后常加it作形式宾语，然后再加to do。
例如：
I find it interesting to work with him.
We feel it our duty to help others.
Science and technology has made it possible for man to fly in space.
Ⅲ.在teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find out、advise、know等动词后常加疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等 +不定式作宾语
He didn’t know what to say.
Can you teach me how to use the computer?
注1：也可充当主语、表语等．
How to solve the problem is very important．
My question is when to start.
注2：why或 why not后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to.
例如: Why not have a rest?
Ⅳ.不定式表示虚拟 在表示“希望、打算”等动词（如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等）的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作即虚拟。
I hoped to have met him at the railway station, but he didn't turn up.我本希望在火车站接到他，但他未露面。
We would love to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold out.
我们原想去看这场比赛的，但票已售完了。
I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so.我原想来拜访你的，但没来成。
I expected to have met him here last night.我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。（但没做到）
We meant to have stayed there a week.我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。
I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so.我原想写一封信给她，但忘记了。
The plane was to have taken off at 9, but something went wrong.飞机原计划九点起飞，但出现了一些故障。
提示：
表示“原打算、原以为”还可以用这些动词hope, expect, intend, mean, want的过去完成时来表达。
I had intended to call on you.我原想来拜访你的。
I had expected to meet him here last night.我原以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他的。
We had meant to stay there a week.我们原打算在那儿呆一个星期的。
Ⅴ．作介词but，except，besides的宾语
如果这些介词前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么他们后不带 to，否则要带 to．
She could do nothing but cry.，
What do you like to do besides swim?
There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。
注：在cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but，why, why not、had better, had best, would rather...than, would sooner...than, rather than, 等结构后直接跟动词原形或not +动词原形。
Why make so much noise 为什么发出这么大的噪音？
Why not join us 为什么不加入我们？
You'd better listen to your teacher's opinion. 你最好听一听老师的意见。
We had best call for the doctor at once.我们最好马上就请医生来。
She can't do anything but ask silly questions.她一直在问一些愚蠢的问题。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他宁愿骑自行车，也不愿挤公共汽车。
He cannot but move to another street, because his building has to be pulled down soon.
他不得不搬到另一条街上去，因为他住的大楼很快就要被推倒。
We cannot help but admire his courage. 我们情不自禁地钦佩他的勇气。
注意：
在一些固定搭配中用不带to的不定式。
He let go the rope.他松开了绳子。
I hear say there will be an earthquake soon.我听说不久就要有一次地震。
She made believe she was innocent.她假装清白。
在口语中，动词原形come和go后可接不带to的不定式。
Go tell her.去告诉她吧。
Come have a glass.来喝一杯。
Ⅵ．作形容词的宾语
有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。
①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。
形容词有:
able,afraid,angry,anxious,careful,clever,content,cruel,determined,disappointed,eager, foolish, fortunate,frightened,happy,impatient,glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。
I am sorry to say that he is going from bad to worse. 很遗憾，他的情况每况愈下
She was not content to live a quiet life in a small town.
她不满足在一个小镇里过默默无闻的生活。
John was happy to be given the job.约翰得到这份工作很高兴。
②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。形容词有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。
This problem is easy to solve.这个问题很容易解决。
The water is not fit to drink.这水不适于饮用。
She is hard to get along with.她这个人很难相处。
注意：如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。
The river is dangerous to swim in.在这条河里游泳很危险。
A spring mattress is comfortable to sleep on.席梦思床垫睡上去很舒服。
This is a pen to write with.
专项训练
1．The clubs in Argentina couldn’t help him, but the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered ____________ (accept) Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.
2．One day when Laennec was walking in the park, he saw some girls ________ (play) with a see-saw (跷跷板) ．
3．One day, he lost a small bag ________ (contain) 50 gold coins.
4．A US TV show ________ (call) A walk in Your Shoes gives people the chance to try.
5．In last week ’s show, an eighth-grade student Schylar dreamed of ________ (run) the school, so he became the headmaster for a day and the headmaster became an eighth grader again!
6．Mr. Cook said the high-end model, the one ________ (make) of 18-karat gold, is worth thousands of dollars.
7．One problem with Apple Watch is that you need an iPhone on your body, or nearby, ________ (get) this watch to function fully. Like a phone, it also needs to be charged each night.
8．They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse ________ (eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more.
9．Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water ________ (use) on coastal farms.
10．I had noticed three hens ________ (run) free in my hostess ’courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.
11．We tried our best ____________ (climb) out but then I saw that one of my children was ________ (miss)．
12．Though they did all they could ____________ (help) them but times were tough for them.
13．Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ________ (wear) sun glasses.
14．And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for ________ (do) a few odd jobs for him.
15．In the United States, there were 222 people ________ (report) to be billionaires in 2003.
16．It is an activity ________ (hold) by an American charity organization.
17．Thus, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results, high scores and abundant knowledge ________ (include)．
18．If you hand in your homework late, attach a note ________
(explain) the reason for the delay.
19. Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team ________ (own) by his father. Even as a young boy, he did very well.
20. ____________ (save) energy, we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.
21. She wishes that he was as easy ____________ (please) as her mother, who is always delighted with perfume.
22. If a person keeps hurting you and ________ (apologize) without making an effort to change, you might not want to hang about with that person any more.
参考答案
1. to accept2.playing 3.containing
4.called 5.running6. made 7.to get
8.to eat 9.used 10.running
11.to climb missing 12.to help
13.wearing 14.doing 15.reported
16.held17.included 18.explaining
19.owned 20.To save
21.to please 22.apologizing