初中英语中的3中主从复合句！掌握它们，阅读写作易如反掌！

1.宾语从句  2.状语从句 3.定语从句

命题点一  宾语从句

1.宾语从句的种类

2.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照先主后谓的顺序。

The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.

I wonder if/whether he works hard.

Could you please tell me what your name is?

3.宾语从句的时态

►主现从不限：如果主句是现在时,从句可以是任何时态。

►主过从必过：如果主句是过去时，则从句必须是过去时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He said that he would go back to the US soon.

►易错点解读

如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

【例1】.I know _________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won't finish working until ten o’clock.
A．that   B．if   C．what   D．why

【答案】A

【详解】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句结构完整，不缺表示“疑问”信息的句子成分，故排除C、D；主句动词是know，与表示是否的if连用，不合语境，B项也排除；因为宾语从句在陈述一件事情，所以用that。
【例2】.（2020·四川攀枝花·中考真题）We're not sure _____________there'll be_____________ or not tomorrow.
A．if; rains   B．if; rainy   C．whether; rain   D．whether; raining

【答案】C

【详解】句意：我们不确定明天是否有雨。
 考查宾语从句和there be句型。if是否；whether是否；rains动词三单；rainy形容词；rain动词原形或不可数名词；raining动词现在分词。第一空引导宾语从句，表“是否”，句中有or not，只能用whether，排除AB；第二空是there be句型的主语，用名词，故选C。

【例3】.（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—Can you guess ________? —Maybe Guangdong. She always makes soup for meals.
A．why does she come here          B．why she comes here    

C．where does she come from       D．where she comes from

【答案】D

【详解】句意：——你能猜出她来自哪里吗？——可能来自广东。她做饭时总是煮汤。
 考查宾语从句。guess后缺少宾语，此处考查宾语从句；根据“Maybe Guangdong.”可知问的是地点，用where引导宾语从句，排除AB；宾语从句用陈述语序，排除C。故选D。

【例4】.（2021·湖北安陆·二模）—Why was Mr. Li late for the meeting this morning? —Because he didn’t know ________.
A．when will the meeting start      B．when would the meeting start    

C．when the meeting would start   D．when the meeting will start

【答案】C

【详解】句意：——为什么李先生今天早上开会迟到了？——因为他不知道会议什么时候开始。
 考查宾语从句。根据句意，空处的句子是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，故排除A、B项；主句是一般过去时，根据“主过从必过”的原则，宾语从句必须用过去时的某种时态，故排除D项。故选C。

【例5】.（2021·福建·模拟预测）John told his little daughter the earth ________ from the west to the east.
A．moved   B．moving   C．moves

【答案】C

【详解】句意：约翰告诉他的小女儿地球是自西向东移动的。
 考查时态。空格所在的句子是宾语从句，从句表达的是客观事实，所以时态不受主句限制，直接用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用三单形式，故选C。

命题点二  状语从句

►易错点解读

1.when/while/as辨析

1）when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，又可以是瞬时动词。

When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延续性动词）

2）while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。while有时还可以表示对比。

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（对比）

3）as引导的动作是延续性的动作，强调一种动态变化，可译为“随着”，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生。

We always sing as we walk.

As we grow up,our house seems small.(随着)

2.so...that../such...that辨析

1）so+adj./adv.+that或so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that结构

It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.

It is so interesting a film that my son wants to see it again

2）such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that结构

It is such an interesting film that my son wants to see it again

【例1】.（2020·云南·中考真题）—Excuse me. Where is the nearest hotel? —Just go down this road ________ you see a library. It’s across from it.
A．until   B．because   C．however   D．though

【答案】A

【详解】句意：——很抱歉打扰，最近的酒店在哪？——只需要从这条路往下走直到你看到一个图书馆。酒店在它对面。
 考查连词。until直到；because因为；however然而；though尽管。此处是时间状语，表示“直到”用连词until引导时间状语从句。故选A。

【例2】.（2020·甘肃金昌·中考真题）You will feel cold ________ you don't wear a coat.
A．so   B．though   C．if   D．unless

【答案】C

【详解】句意：如果你不穿大衣的话，你会感觉冷的。
 考查连词辨析。so因此，所以；though尽管，虽然；if如果；是否；unless除非，如果不。根据句意可知，这里应用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果……，就会……”。故选C。

【例3】.（2021·江苏·无锡市江南中学二模）________ the COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly, getting a vaccine(疫苗) is quite necessary.
A．Before   B．Since   C．Although   D．unless

【答案】B

【详解】句意：由于新型冠状病毒仍在快速传播，接种疫苗是非常必要的。
 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；since由于；although尽管；unless除非。根据“ the COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly, getting a vaccine(疫苗) is quite necessary”可知，“新型冠状病毒仍在快速传播”是接种疫苗的原因，用since引导原因状语从句，故选B。

【例4】.（2021·江苏·高港实验学校二模）My cousin has ________ that he can’t find a good job easily.
A．so a little education         B．such little education    

C．so little education           D．such a little education

【答案】C

【详解】句意：我的表弟接受了如此少的教育，以至于他很难找到一个好工作。
 考查so/such…that。so/such…that…表示“如此……以至于”，so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词。但当little意为“很少的”，指数量时，此时用固定搭配so little，本句意思为“接受了如此少的教育”，所以用“so little”；education“教育”为不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词a，故选C。

【例5】.（2021·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Mary shut the window just now ________ she could keep the insects out.
A．so that   B．when   C．till   D．after

【答案】A

【详解】句意：玛丽刚才关上了窗户，以便把昆虫挡在外面。
 考查连词。so that为了；when当……时；till直到；after在……之后；根据空格前后句可知，关窗户的目的是挡住昆虫，此处应用so that引导目的状语从句，故选A。

命题点三  定语从句

1.定语从句的关系词

The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。

The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。

This is my favorite school where I have studied for three years.这是我最喜爱的学校，我在里面学习了三年。

2.重点讲解

1）whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。

如：The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。

I have a story book whose cover is red.我有一本封面是红色的故事书。

2）先行词是物，只用that，不用which的情况。

►（1）前有序数词/最高级修饰时。如：

This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday. 这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。

That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched. 那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。

►（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如：

All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。

（4）先行词被the only修饰时。如：

The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。

（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：

We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in. 我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。

【例1】.（2020·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Is this the museum ________ you visited last year?

A．who   B．that   C．whom   D．in which【答案】B【详解】句意：这是去年你参观过的博物馆么？

 考查定语从句。who替代人，从句中做主语或者宾语；that替代人或物，从句中做主语或者宾语；whom替代人，从句中做宾语；in which是介词加上关系代词which的用法。museum是先行词，表达的是物，从句“you visited last year”缺宾语，用which或者that来替代物并在从句中作宾语。故选B。【例2】.（2021·四川达州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best? —Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.

A．what; which   B．what; what   C．which; what   D．which; where【答案】A【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗？——嗯……我喜欢让我笑的电影。

 考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”；the movies后用定语从句作后置定语，先行词“the movies”指物， 此处用which引导定语从句。故选A。【例3】.（2020·山东滨州·中考真题）—Do you know Li Ziqi? —Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.

A．whose   B．where   C．which   D．who【答案】D【详解】句意：——你知道李子柒吗？——当然知道，她是一个美丽的女孩，她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。

 考查定语从句。whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁。句中girl是先行词，表示“人”，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。