动词不定式在中考英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式一般是:
“to+动词原形”,但to有时可省去。
能以不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:
want、like、 wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start. forget, promise, mean, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide. learn,desire, agree, care, choose, dtermine, undertake. expect等。
【接不定式做宾语的动词口诀】
①三个希望两答
hope /wish /want /agree /promise
②两个要求莫拒绝
demand /ask/ refuse
③设法学会做决定
manage/ learn /decide
④不要假装在选择
pretend/ choose
They pretend to laugh.他们假装笑。
I wish to be alone.我希望一个人待着。
【不带to的不定式作宾补的记忆口诀】
不定式,作宾补,不带to,几个动词要记住;
①一感:feel
②二听:hear,listen to
③三让:make,let,have
④四看:look at,see, watch,observe
⑤半帮助: help do,help to do(有无to均可)
I often hear him sing the song.
我经常听他唱这首歌。
Did you see Molly enter the classroom?
你看见莫莉进了教室吗?
His words let me think a lot.
他的话让我浮想联翩。
These pictures made me think of my childhood. 这些照片使我想起了我的童年。
温温馨提示:用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的句式,改为被动句时应加上to。
①The young man was seen to help the old woman.人们看到那个年轻人帮助那位老太太了。②Fred was made to water the flowers by his mother.弗雷德的妈妈让他浇花。
另外,tell、advise、show、teach、 find out、 decide、discuss、 learn、forget、know、explain等动词(词组),常跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。如:
①I hope you'll advise me what to do.
我希望你给我出主意告诉我该怎么办。
②The book explains how to solve the problem.
这本书解释了如何解决这个问题。
③Don't forget how to unlock it.
别忘了如何开它的锁。
④You can learn how to type there.
在那里你可以学习怎样打字。
另外,believe、think、consider、feel、make等动词可用于“动词+it+adji./n.+to do sth.”句型,其中使用it 作形式宾语, 而将真正的宾语置于句末。如:
①I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the boring work. 我认为对我们来说在烦闷的工作之后好好休息是有必要的。
②She felt it her duty to help the old man. 她觉得帮助这个老人是她的责任。