中考英语被动语态知识点总结

被动语态的基本形式

一、被动语态的结构

被动语态的结构为be动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。

二、常用被动语态的情况

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。

This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。

2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。

3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用)

4.动作的发出者是物。

Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。

不同时态的被动语态

1.时态和语态的结合是中考的必考点,尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。

时态	被动语态	例句
一般现在时	am/is/are+done	The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时	was/were+done	The kite was made by him.
一般将来时	will/shall+be done	Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

2.其他时态的被动语态

时态	被动语态	例句
现在完成时	have/has+been done	The work has been finished by Jim.
过去完成时	had+been done	The work had been finished by Jim by last week.
现在进行时	am/is/are+being done	The flowers are being watered by her.
过去进行时	was/were+being done	A letter was being written by her.
过去将来时	would/be going to+be done	He said a kite would be made by him.

3.含有情态动词的被动语态

结构为“情态动词+be+done”。

Your homework must be finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。

被动语态的技巧指导

（1）根据选项定考点

单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项。

（2）根据时态选答案

首先，考生需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。

对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。

如： —Tell me one thing you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony.

—I ___ as the captain of the school football team.

A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen

方法点拨 第1步：根据选项A、B为时态，C、D为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除A、B两项。第2步：再根据语境可知，Tony被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选D。

常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况

（1）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原，即：hear(see) sb. do sth.→sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.。

We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.

→The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.

晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。

（2）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原，即：make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.。

主动结构表示被动意义的情况

（1）动词open, read, sell, write等作不及物动词, 且它们的主语为物时。如：The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。

（2）某些连系动词（如smell, look, taste, feel, sound等）描述某物特性时。如：This kind of flower smells sweet. 这种花闻起来很香。

（3）一些动词的主动形式表被动意义。

①be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。如：This movie is worth watching. 这部电影值得一看。

②“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”, to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如：Your car needs washing.= Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车该洗了。

根据汉语意思完成句子

1.This kind of pants well.这种裤子卖得好。

2.That story interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。

3.This book is worth .这本书值得读。

4.My watch needs . 我的表需要修理。

5.This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 这家商店早上八点开门。

【答案】1.sells　2.sounds　3.reading　

4.repairing/to be repaired　5.opened

中考试练

1. —Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?

—Yes, I really like him. He ___ by many people around the world.

A. admire B. admires

C. is admired D. is admiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你喜欢著名的篮球明星科比吗？”“是的，我真的喜欢他。他被全世界的许多人所崇拜。”根据关键词“by”可知此处应使用被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词。故选C。

2. —Your scarf feels soft. Did you buy it in China?

—No, I bought it in France. But it ___ in China.

A. is making B. was made

C. makes D. made

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你的围巾摸起来很柔软。你是在中国买的它吗？”“不，我在法国买的。但是它是在中国制造的。”这里主语it(the scarf)与谓语make是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。由前一句bought可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选B。

3. —During the APEC summit(峰会), Beijing’s sky was so blue and clear.

—It ___ APEC blue. But too bad it no longer stays that way.

A. is called B. are called

C. called D. calls

【答案】A

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“在亚太经济合作组织峰会期间，北京的天

空如此地蔚蓝和干净。”“它____APEC蓝。但是很糟糕的是它不再保持那样了。”主语It为单数，且与谓语动词call之间是动宾关系。故选A。

4.China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, ___ in the western media(媒体).

A. use widely B. is widely used

C. uses widely D. are widely used

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:汉语热词,比如“土豪”、“ 大妈”和“两会”, ____ 于西方媒体。本句主语words和use之间是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态。“China’s hot words”是复数名词短语,故选D。

5. —___ free breakfasts ___ in all schools in China?

—No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.

A. Are; made B. Do; serve

C. Are; served D. Do; make

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析和被动语态。句意“免费早餐在中国所有的学校里都____吗？”“不，还没呢。只有农村地区有。”免费早餐应是被提供。应用被动语态。故选C。

6.With the development of China, Chinese ___ by a large number of people in the world.

A. speaks B. is spoken

C. speak D. is speaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：随着中国的发展，汉语被世界上大量人讲。“汉语”和“讲”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据语境可知用一般现在时。故选B。

7. —Why does the earth look blue in space?

—Because most of the earth’s surface ___ by ocean.

A. covers B. is covered

C. cover D. are covered

【答案】B

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“为什么地球在太空中看起来是蓝色的？”“因为地球表面大部分都被海洋____。”主语“most of the earth’s surface”为第三人称单数，且是动作承受者，客观事实应用一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。

8. Emily was glad that she ___ for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises B. praised

C. is praised D. was praised

【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：艾米丽很高兴在那个会议上她因为诚实____。由句意可知，主语she与谓语动词praise之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该使用被动语态。再根据关键词“was”和“at that meeting”可知应使用一般过去时。故选D。

9. He Jiang ___ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.

A. invites B. invited

C. is invited D. was invited

【答案】D

【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：何江上个月____在哈佛大学毕业典礼上做演讲。何江和邀请之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据时间状语“last month”可知应该用一般过去时。故选D。

10. Now all Chinese couples ___ to have two children.

A. allow B. allowed

C. are allowed D. were allowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：现在所有中国夫妻____可以有两个孩子。分析句子结构可知，主语“all Chinese couples”与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语“Now”可知用一般现在时。故选C。

11. —Have you finished your report on green life?

—N