高中英语完形填空全攻略:技巧、高频考点与固定搭配大全

2025-03-09 10:48 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:37人

一、完形填空核心解题方法论

1. 全局思维:三步解题法

Step 1:通读抓主线(限时2分钟)

· 核心目标:跳过所有空格,快速梳理文章脉络,明确“5W1H”(Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)。

· 关键技巧首尾段定位:记叙文首段常交代背景(如时间、地点),议论文尾段常总结观点。情感关键词:标记情绪词(如“disappointed”“joyful”)预判情节转折。

· 示例应用:首句“The old man’s hands trembled as he opened the letter...” → 主线:老人读信引发的回忆或事件。

Step 2:逻辑填空(限时8分钟)

· 四大逻辑关系破解法

· 逻辑类型标志词/结构解题方向因果because, so, lead to前因后果需对应(如“rain”→“cancel picnic”)转折but, however, despite前后语义对立(如“poor”→“achieved success”)并列and, also, similarly同义复现或递进(如“study hard”→“excellent grades”)解释for example, that is后文具体说明前文抽象概念

· 高频语法考点

· 从句引导词:定语从句:where(地点)、when(时间)、why(原因)。名词性从句:whether/if(是否),that(陈述事实)。

· 非谓语动词:过去分词表被动(如“the book written by him”)。现在分词表主动进行(如“seeing the accident, he called 120”)。

Step 3:微观验证(限时3分钟)

· 三大验证原则语法一致性:主谓一致:复数主语接动词原形(如“The students study hard”)。时态匹配:时间状语决定时态(“yesterday”→过去式,“so far”→现在完成时)。固定搭配完整性:动词+介词:succeed in(非“on”)。形容词+介词:different from(非“with”)。文化常识合理性:西方礼仪:握手(shake hands)而非鞠躬(bow)。节日习俗:感恩节吃火鸡(turkey),复活节找彩蛋(Easter eggs)。

二、高频考点与命题趋势深度解析

1. 2025年高考命题四大趋势

趋势

典型特征

备考策略

语境化加强

70%题目需结合段落整体逻辑(非单句)

练习标注“信息链”(问题→解决→结果)

文化融合

涉及科技伦理、环境问题等全球议题

积累相关词汇(如“AI ethics”“carbon neutrality”)

长难句增多

含插入语、多重从句的复杂句式(占25%)

拆分句子成分(主句+从句+修饰成分)

情感线索隐蔽

通过动作、环境描写暗示情绪(如“sighed”→“disappointed”)

训练“细节推理”能力(动作→心理)

2. 五大易错题型突破

题型

常见陷阱

破解方案

近义词辨析

affect(影响,动词) vs. effect(结果,名词)

结合词性与语境双验证

逻辑连接词

误选递进词(moreover)替代转折词(however)

绘制逻辑关系图(因果→转折→并列)

文化差异题

中式思维干扰(如用“red”表达危险,西方用“red”表喜庆)

阅读西方文化背景材料(节日、礼仪)

非谓语动词

混淆过去分词与现在分词(如“excited” vs. “exciting”)

口诀记忆:“物用-ing,人用-ed”

代词指代

指代对象模糊(如it/they指代前文多个名词)

向前追溯最近的名词或概念

三、高考完形填空固定搭配分类大全

(覆盖近5年高考高频考点,按词性+场景分类)

1. 动词短语(高频30组)

搭配

释义

例句

take responsibility

承担责任

She took responsibility for the mistake.

put forward

提出(建议)

He put forward a new plan at the meeting.

run into

偶然遇到

I ran into an old friend at the supermarket.

look into

调查

The police will look into the case.

give up

放弃

Never give up your dreams.

2. 介词搭配(必背20组)

结构

用法

示例

in advance

提前

Book tickets in advance to save money.

on behalf of

代表

She spoke on behalf of the team.

by accident

偶然

They met by accident at the airport.

under pressure

在压力下

He works well under pressure.

in terms of

……而言

In terms of quality, this product is the best.

3. 形容词+介词(核心15组)

搭配

释义

例句

aware of

意识到

Are you aware of the risks?

similar to

……相似

Your idea is similar to mine.

responsible for

……负责

Who is responsible for this project?

interested in

……感兴趣

She is interested in learning French.

famous for

……闻名

The town is famous for its hot springs.

4. 高频句型结构(10大模板)

句型

功能

示例

It is no use doing...

表达“做某事无用”

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

There is no doubt that...

强调确定性

There is no doubt that he will win.

Hardly... when...

“一……就……”

Hardly had he left when it rained.

The more..., the more...

比较关系

The more you practice, the better you become.

四、实战演练与深度解析

(以2024年高考真题为例,模拟考场思维)

原文节选
“When I was 10, my father gave me a notebook. At first, I thought it was 1 , but later I realized it was a tool to record my ideas. One day, I 2 a story about a magical forest. Years later, this story became my first published novel.”

题目与解析

1. 选项A. useless B. ordinary C. expensive D. special逻辑线索:后文“but”转折,说明最初看法与后来认知相反。情感推理“realized it was a tool”表明最初认为“无用”→ 答案:A

2. 选项A. read B. wrote C. heard D. imagined固定搭配“record ideas”对应“写故事”。因果链:笔记本用途→记录想法→创作故事→出版小说→ 答案:B
结语:完形填空的终极目标是培养“语言逻辑思维”,而非机械记忆。通过“三步解题法”构建全局观,依托“固定搭配库”夯实基础,结合科学训练与心态管理,2025年高考必能突破瓶颈,冲刺满分!

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