动词-ing形式短语作状语

2025-04-19 01:47 来源: 文化之窗 本文影响了:51人

教材例句: Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. 当年,沿着错那湖边,我们用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护墙,使它免受建筑废料的污染。

知识点分享:

动词 -ing 形式短语作状语是英语中一种常见且重要的语法结构,它可以在句子中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随等多种意义。

一、作时间状语

当动词 -ing 形式短语作时间状语时,相当于一个时间状语从句,表示主句的动作与 -ing 形式所表示的动作同时发生,或者 -ing 形式的动作发生后,主句动作紧接着发生。

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.=When he heard the news, he jumped with joy.)听到这个消息,他高兴得跳了起来。

Walking in the street, I saw a old friend of mine.=While I was walking in the street, I saw an old friend of mine.)当我在街上走的时候,我看到了我的一个老朋友。

二、作原因状语

动词 -ing 形式短语作原因状语时,相当于一个原因状语从句,说明主句动作发生的原因。

Being ill, he didn't go to school.=Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.)因为生病,他没去上学。

Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.=Since I don't know her address, I can't write to her.)由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

三、作结果状语

动词 -ing 形式短语作结果状语时,表示一种自然而然的结果,通常放在主句之后。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.(结果是他得到很多钱)他父亲去世了,留给他很多钱。

The glass fell to the ground, breaking into pieces.(结果是杯子摔碎了)玻璃杯掉在地上,摔碎了。

四、作条件状语

动词 -ing 形式短语作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句,用来表示主句动作发生的条件。

Working hard, you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed.)如果你努力工作,你就会成功。

Using your head, you'll find a way.=If you use your head, you'll find a way.)如果你动动脑筋,你就会找到办法。

五、作让步状语

动词 -ing 形式短语作让步状语时,相当于一个让步状语从句,表示尽管存在某种情况,主句的动作仍然会发生。

Having tried many times, he still failed.=Although he had tried many times, he still failed.)尽管试了很多次,他仍然失败了。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.=Even though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.)尽管他们知道这一切,他们还是让我赔偿损失。

六、作伴随状语

动词 -ing 形式短语作伴随状语时,通常用来描述主句动作发生时伴随的情况或动作,它和主句的主语之间是主动关系,且与主句的动作同时发生。

He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里读报纸。

The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 孩子们笑着、愉快地谈着跑出了房间。

注意事项:

1. 逻辑主语一致:动词 -ing 形式短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。如果不一致,需要使用独立主格结构。例如:Weather permitting, we will go for a picnic.weather permitting 的逻辑主语,与主句主语 we 不一致,构成独立主格结构)

2. 时态和语态:要根据具体语境和动作发生的时间来选择合适的 -ing 形式,如一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)、被动式(being done)、完成被动式(having been done)等。例如:Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(这里用 having finished 表示动作先于主句动作完成)

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