1. little 和a little都修饰不可数名词,前者意思是“几乎没有”,表否定;后者意思是“有一点儿”,表肯定。如:
(1)In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 这样,他们只要用一点儿钱就能去旅游。
Money是不可数名词,前面用a little表示“一点儿”。
(2)There is little food left in the fridge, is there? 冰箱里几乎没剩下食物了,是不是?
Food是不可数名词,这是反意疑问句,因后文在用“is there”而不是“isn’t there”,所以前面要表否定,于是用little.
2. few, a few 都修饰可数名词复数,前者表示否定,意思是“几乎没有”;后者表示肯定,意思是“有几个”、“有一些”。如:
(1)A few students in our class speak English well. 我们班上有几个人的英语说得很好。
(2)There were few eggs in the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了,所以他去超市买了一些。
3. 在quite后面,用a few或a little,都表达“相当多”的意思。如:
(1)During the past 10 years, he gained quite a little knowledge about liquor. 在过去的10年里,他获得不少关于酒的知识。
Knowledge是不可数名词,所以前面用quite a little来表示“相当多”的意思。
(2)Quite a few students were absent yesterday ; in fact , more than half of them were not there. 有相当多的学生昨天都缺课了,事实上,过半数学生都不在场。
Student是可数名词,所以前面用quite a few 来表示“相当多”的意思。
4. 在very 后面,用few 或little来表达“很少”的意思。此时不能用a few或a little. 如:
(1)Almost everyone knows that we should learn English well, but very few students know how to learn it well. 几乎每个人都知道我们应该学好英语,但很少有学生知道如何去学好它。
(2)I like the country, but I have very little opportunity to go there. 我喜欢这个国家,但很少有机会去那儿。
5. 在only 或just后面,要用a few或a little,不用few或little。如:
(1)I have only a few friends here. 我在这儿只有几个朋友。
(2)I had only a little porridge yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我只喝了一点点稀饭。